Gazali, Marlina, Muh. Syahrul Mubarak, Rosmini Rosmini, and Ghufran Al Ghifary Kamiluddin. “Muhammadiyah Through the Ages: From Reformist Ideas to a Civilizational Movement”. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES) 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2025): 518–527. Accessed April 25, 2026. https://ejournal.uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jies/article/view/16482.