KONTROVERSI BATAS USIA SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SYARAT DALAM PERKAWINAN ANTARA PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN PERKAWINAN DENGAN FIKIH
Keywords:
Usia Perkawinan, Perundang-undangan, FikihAbstract
The Qur'an and hadits have regulated all the ins and outs of the lives of Muslims, including marital problems. Among the things that are regulated in Islam about marriage are the terms of marriage, and one of them is the prospective bride has been baligh. The problem of baligh of person is biologically different in time or age. Therefore, classical scholars did not set a marriage age limit, but in Indonesia marriage age is regulated, which is stated in Law No.1 of 1974 that marriage is only permitted if the male has reached the age of 19 and the woman has reached the age of 16. These provisions cause controversy, because the Qur'an and the hadith do not mention it, only specifying signs. While in the books of fiqh generally only recognize baligh as one of the terms of marriage, which is characterized by the presence of ihtilam for men and menstruation for women.References
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[3] Mengadakan penyelidikan terhadap mereka tentang keagamaan, usaha-usaha mereka, kelakuan dan lain-lain sampai diketahui bahwa anak itu dapat dipercayai. Lihat: Departemen Agama RI, Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahnya (Semarang: CV. Toha Putra, 1989), h. 80.
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[2] Kamal Muchtar, Asas-asas Hukum Islam tentang perkawinan, (Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1993), h. 40-41.
[3] Mengadakan penyelidikan terhadap mereka tentang keagamaan, usaha-usaha mereka, kelakuan dan lain-lain sampai diketahui bahwa anak itu dapat dipercayai. Lihat: Departemen Agama RI, Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahnya (Semarang: CV. Toha Putra, 1989), h. 80.
[4] Quraish Shihab, al-Lubab: Makna, tujuan, dan pelajaran dari surah-surah al-Qur’an, (Jakarta, Lentera Hati, 2012), h. 78.
[5] Wahbah az-Zuhailli, fiqih islam wa adillatuhu, Terj, Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani dkk, (Jakarta; Gema Insani, 2011), h. 55. Ibn Rusyd, Bidayatul Mujtahid Analisa Fiqh Para Mujtahid, Terj, Imam Ghazali dan Achmad Zaidun, (Jakarta; Pustaka Amani, 2007). Sayyid Sabiq, Fikih Sunnah, Terj, Khairul Amru Harahap, Aisyah Syaefuddin dan Masrukhin, (Jakarta; Cakrawala Publishing, 2012)
[6] Ahmad Mudjab, Mahalli dan Ahmad Rodli Hasbullah, Hadis-Hadis Muttafaq ‘Alaih Bagian Munakahat dan Mu’amalat, (Jakarta; Kencana, 2004), h. 41. Muhammad Abu Abdillah bin Ismail al-Bukhari, Shahih Bukhari, (Kairo: Mathba’atul Salafiyyah, 1400 H), Juz 3, h. 66. Abū Husain an-Nisabury al-Hafidz Muslim bin al Hajjāj bin Muslim al-Qusyairy, Shahih Muslim, (t.t.;t.p., t.th), Juz 4, h. 141-142. Al-Hafidz Abi Abdullah Muhammad bin yazid, Sunan Ibnu Majah, (Riyadh, Maktabah al-Ma’arif, 1417 H) , h. 326. Al-Imam al-Hafid Abi Dawud Sulaiman, Sunan Abi Dawud, (Riyadh; Maktabah al-Ma’arif, 1424 H), h. 368. Ahmad bin Syuaib bin Ali bin Sinan bin Bahr bin Dinar, Sunan An-Nasa‟i, (Riyadh; Maktabah al-Ma’arif, 1417), h. 504. Imam Ahmad bin Muhammad bin hanbal, Musnad Imam Ahmad, (Jakarta ; Pustaka Azzam, 2011) Juz 6, hlm. 211
[7] Ibn Kathir, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim, Juz II (Kairo; Dar al-Kutub, tt.), h. 236.
[8] Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Hakim (Bairut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah, 1999), h. 387.
[9] Hamka, Tafsir al-Azhar, (Jakarta; Pustaka Panjimas, 1985)
[10] Imam Asy-Syaukani, Tafsir Fathul Qadir, Terj, Amir Hamzah Fachrudin, (Jakarta; Pustaka Azzam, 2009), h. 695-696
[11] Quraish Shihab, Tafsir al-Misbah: Pesan, kesan, dan keserasian al-Qu’an, (Jakarta; Lentera Hati, 2011)
[12] Wahbah az-Zuhailli, Tafsir al-Munir, Terj, Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani DKK, (Jakarta; Gema Insani, 2013), h. 589-590
[13] Abdul Halim Hasan, Tafsir al-Ahkam, (Jakarta; Kencana, 2011), h. 198-199
[14] Subekti, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, (Jakarta; Pradnya Paramita, 1980), h. 540. Amiur Nuruddin dan Azhari Akmal Tarigan, Hukum Perdata Islam di Indonesia, (Jakarta; Kencana, 2004), h. 68
[15] Abdurrahman, Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia, Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo, 2004), edisi pertama, cet. 4
[16] Wahyuni Shifatur Rahmah, Mengkritisi Hadits-Hadits Tentang Usia Pernikahan ‘Aisyah, jurnal, https://wahyunishifaturrahmah.wordpress.com/2010/02/27/mengkritisi-hadis-hadis-tentang-usia-pernikahan-%E2%80%98aisyah/
[17] Quraish Shihab, Membaca Sirah Nabi Muhammad dalam Sorotan al-Qur’an dan Hadits-Hadits Sahih, (Jakarta; Lentera Hati, 2012), h. 526
[18] Muhammad Amin Summa, Hukum Kelurga Islam di Indonesia, (Jakarta; RajaGrafindo Persada, 2005), h. 289
[19] Chainur Arasjid, Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum, (Jakarta; Sinar Grafika, 2001), h. 39-40. L.J van Apeldoorn, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, (Jakarta; Pradnya Paramita, 2005), h. 10
[20] Liza Erwina, Penemuan Hukum oleh Hakim (Recht Vinding), (Medan; USU Digital Library, 2002), h. 5
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