The Analysis of Blood Lead (Plumbum, Pb) Levels and Its Erythrocyte Morphology in Active Smokers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/js.v16i2.12565Keywords:
electrical properties, DSSC Performance, Au nanoparticles, Four-point probe.Abstract
Cigarettes are categorized as addictive substances with the highest toxicity to bodyÔÇÖs tissues, resulting the hazardous complications in individuals and public health. It contains dangerous chemicals substances, such as carbon monoxide, nicotine, tar, ammonia, arsenic, cyanide, and lead (Pb). The main effect of these exposure, especially for the lead, is the intoxication of pulmonary tissues and decreasing of alveolar function through inhalation processes of smokers. It was reported at least 90% of these chemicals absorbed into the blood-streams and directly binds to erythrocyte and straightway disturbing the process of hemoglobin synthesis. This study analyzed the levels of lead (Pb) and erythrocyte morphology in active smokers among Motor Vehicle Weighing Implementation division (UPPKB) employees, in Kupang City. An analytic observational research method was obtained with cross-sectional design. We involved 15 respondents aged 20-40 years old with purposive sampling technique. Thereafter, beside the samples anamnesis had been examined, the blood sample were collected to analyze the erythrocyte morphology identifications with blood- smear analysis and the lead measurement with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). From the research findings, lead (Pb) levels in active smokerÔÇÖs blood were identified have an abnormal level above threshold of 14 samples (93%), with the highest one was 58╬╝g/dL. On erythrocyte morphology examination, it reveals most of the erythrocytes' size was macrocytic (80%), deformities (80%), basophilic stippling (20%), while all erythrocytes showed normochromic color. We believed that lead accumulation in blood positively affect the erythrocyte quality and its function, and the prohibition of the cigarette circumgyration should be emphasized.References
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Ainur Rozaq, I., Arifin, M. Z., & Rahmawati, A. (2020). Gambaran morfologi eritrosit pada pekerja bengkel motor yang sering terpapar LB3 (Limbah Bahan Bakar Beracun). Jurnal Insan Cendekia, 7(2).
Febrika, R. Analisis Kadar Logam Timbal (Pb) dan Basophilic Stippling pada Darah Petugas SPBU Padang.
Irfani, S. (2020). Hubungan keracunan timbal dengan morfologi sel darah merah pada tukang cat mobol di kota padang. 68(1), 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.201 4.
Irianti, T. T., Kuswandi, K., Nuranto, S., & Budiyatni, A. (2017). Logam Berat dan Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: CV Grafika Indah.
Lange, G. T. (2019). Analisis Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah Kondektur Angkutan Umum Di Jalur Bemo Kupang– Noelbaki Kota Kupang (Doctoral dissertation, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang).
Nuriah, T. S. P. (2020). Analisa Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Rambut Karyawan Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (Doctoral dissertation, Stikes Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang).
Pendit, B. (2012). Tinjauan klinis hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium (h. Dr. Hartanto (ed.); dr. Huriaw). Penerbit buku kedokteran EGC.
Primal, D., & Ahriyasna, R. (2022). Efek Ingesti Seduhan Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens) terhadap Perubahan Glukosa Darah dan Kerusakan Ginjal Tikus Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis, 9(2), 110-124. https://doi.org/ 10.33653/jkp.v9i2.879.
Rosita, B., & Mustika, H. (2019). Hubungan tingkat toksisitas logam timbal (pb) dengan gambaran sediaan apus darah pada perokok aktif. Jurnal kesehatan perintis (perintis’s health journal), 6(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.33653/jkp.v6i1.26
Rosita, B., & Sosmira, E. (2018). Verifikasi analisa kadar logam timbal (pb) dalam darah dan gambaran hematologi darah pada petugas tambang batu bara. Sainstek: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, 9(1), 68.https://doi.org/10.31958/js.v9i1.614
SIRAIT, J. (2020). Gambaran hitung jenis leukosit pada pekerja yang terpapar timbal (Pb).
Susanti, M. M., Ariyanti, D. D., Ardianti, S., & Mahanani, W. F. C. (2023). Pengaruh Tempat Tumbuh Terhadap Kadar Logam Berat Timbal (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) dan Tembaga (Cu) Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe Emprit (Zingiber officinale Var. amarum) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia, 8(1), 34-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/inteka.v18i1.8
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