Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Activity of Fermented Garlic to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/js.v13i1.3236Keywords:
Fermented garlic, Phytochemical screening, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus.Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of larvicidal compounds from garlic fermented on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as a vector dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) then compare the mortality and identifying active compounds of fermented garlic extract. The third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is used in this research. It fermented garlic using fungi tempeh for 96 hours. Fermented garlic extracted by using centrifuges at 3500 rpm for 15 minutes and directly used to test larvicides. Larvicidal activity test was carried out with the bioassay test against mosquito third instar larvae with 11 different treatment groups, positive control (abate), negative control, 27.5%, 25%, 22.5%, 20%, 17.5%, 15% , 12.5%, 10% and 7.5%, and each treatment carried out four replications. Larvicidal activity is determined by calculating the percent of mortality for 24 hours to obtain the LC50 value. Phytochemical screening is done with standard procedures and the organophosphorus fraction of ethyl acetate fermented garlic extract using GC-MS. The percentages of larval mortality is 15-85% of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from 2.5 to 72.5%. LC 50 value for the larvae of A. aegypty lower (20%) than the larvae of A. albopictus (21.429%). Therefore, fermented garlic extract has potential as larvicides. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, and steroids on garlic fermented extract are not identified. 49 organophosphorus compounds are identified and allicin derivative compounds on fermented garlic are the allyl-2,3-Epoxypropyl sulfideReferences
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Taboada, O. (1967). Medical Entomology. National Naval Medical Center.
Vijayalakshmi, K., Subhashini, B., & Shivani, V. K. (1996). Plant in pest control: garlic and onion. Centre for Indian Knowledge System.
Widiarti, Heriyanto, B., Boewono, D. T., Widyastuti, U., Mujiono, Lasmiati, & Yuliadi. (2011). Peta Resistensi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue Aedes aegypti terhadap Insektisida kelompok Organofosfat, Karbamat dan Pyrethroid Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Dan Daerah. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 39(4), 176–189.
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Yang, F. L., Zhu, F., & Lei, C. L. (2012). Insecticidal activities of garlic substances against adults of grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Insect Science, 19(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2011.01446.x
Yusuf, O. K., & Bewaji, C. O. (2011). Evaluation of essential oils composition of methanolic Allium sativum extract on Trypanosoma brucei infected rats. Research In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 3(2), 17–21.
Zhu, J., Zeng, X., Ma, Y., Liu, T., & Han, Y. (2006). Adult Repellency and Larvicidal Activity of Five Plant Essential Oils Against Mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 22(3), 515–522. https://doi.org/10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[515:ARALAO]2.0.CO;2
Amonkar, S., & Reeves, E. (1970). Mosquito Control with Active Principle of Garlic, Allium sativum. Journal of Economic Entomology, 63(4), 1172–1175.
Budiyanto, A., Santoso, S., Purnama, D., & Pahlepi, R. I. (2007). Studi Indeks Larva Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti dan Hubungannya dengan Psp Masyarakat tentang Penyakit DBD di Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2005. Buletin Loka Litbang P2B2 Baturaja, 1(1).
Cheng, S. S., Chang, H. T., Lin, C. Y., Chen, P. S., Huang, C. G., Chen, W. J., & Chang, S. T. (2009). Insecticidal activities of leaf and twig essential oils from Clausena excavata against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae. Pest Management Science, 65(3), 339–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1693
Chin, J. (2006). Manual Pemberantasan Penyakit Menular (I Nyoman K, pp. 166–170). Infomediaka.
Coppi, A., Cabinian, M., Mirelman, D., & Sinnis, P. (2006). Antimalarial activity of allicin, a biologically active compound from garlic cloves. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50(5), 1731–1737. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.50.5.1731-1737.2006
Delfita, R., & Putra, A. I. (2015). Pembuatan bawang putih tanpa aroma (Allium sativum L.) menggunakan fermentasi dengan jamur tempe dan uji aktivitas antioksidannya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi Dan Pendidikan Biologi STKIP PGRI Padang.
Focks, D. A. (2003). A Review Of Entomological Sampling Methods And Indicators For Dengue Vectors. World Health Organization.
Foster, W. A., & Walker, E. D. (2002). Medical and veterinary entomology (G. Mullen & L. Durden (eds.)). Academic Press.
González-Coloma, A., Reina, M., Díaz, C. E., Fraga, B., & Santana-Méridas, O. (2010). Natural Product-Based Biopesticides for Insect Control.
Gubler, D. J. (1998). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clinical Microbiology , 11(3), 480–496. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.11.3.480
Harborne, J. (1973). Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Hall Ltd.
Hasyimi, H., & Soekirno, M. (2004). Pengamatan Tempat Perindukan Aedes aegypti pada Tempat Penampungan Air Rumah Tanggga pada Masyarakat Pengguna Air Olahan. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, 3(1), 37–42.
HorasNews. (2016). Belasan Warga Terkapar Karena DBD. http://horasnews.com/belasan-warga-terkapar-karena-dbd/. Dikases 29 Maret 2016.
Huzaifa, U., Labaran, I., Bello, A. B., & Olatunde, A. (2014). Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs. Rep Opinion, 6(8), 1–4.
Karalliedde, L. D., Edwards, E., & Marrs, T. C. (2003). Variables influencing the toxic response to organophosphates in humans. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 41, 1–13.
Kemenkes RI. (2010). Demam Berdarah Dengue di Indonesia Buletin Jendela Epidemiologi. Vol 2.
Media Info Kota. (2012). Fogging Bukan Solusi Terbaik, Lakukan 3m Plus. http://mediainfokota.jogjakota.go.id/detail.php?berita_id=126. Dikases 29 Maret 2016.
Moon, H. I. (2011). Larvicidal activity of major essential oils from stems of Allium monanthum Maxim. against Aedes aegypti L. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 26(6), 827–830. https://doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2011.558842
Pradani, F. Y., Ipa, M., Marina, R., & Yuliasih, Y. (2011). Penentuan Status Resistensi Aedes aegypti dengan Metode Susceptibility di Kota Cimahi terhadap Cypermethrin. Jurnal Vektora, 3(1), 35–43.
Regnault-Roger, C., Hamraoui, A., Holeman, M., Theron, E., & Pinel, R. (1993). Insecticidal effect of essential oils from mediterranean plants upon Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 19(6), 1233–1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987383
Roy, J., Shakleya, D. M., Callery, P. S., & Thomas, J. G. (2006). Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of a traditional herbal medicine containing garlic and black cumin. Afr. J. Trad. CAM, 3(2), 1–7.
Rozendaal, J. (1997). Vector control: methods for use by individuals and communities. World Health Organization. https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=z6H5gwdddREC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Rozendaal+JA.+Vector+Control.+(1997).+Methods+for+Use+by+Individual+and+Communities.+Geneva:+World+Health+Organization.+7+–177.&ots=-z6FDjgjTx&sig=K2a3z1QPxPMZuMWs4wPAx9kH1E0
Sanchez, L., Vanlerberhe, V., Alfonso, L., Marqetti, M. C., Guzman, M. G., & Bisset, J. (2006). Aedes aegypti larval indices and risk for dengue epidemics. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(5), 800–806.
Taboada, O. (1967). Medical Entomology. National Naval Medical Center.
Vijayalakshmi, K., Subhashini, B., & Shivani, V. K. (1996). Plant in pest control: garlic and onion. Centre for Indian Knowledge System.
Widiarti, Heriyanto, B., Boewono, D. T., Widyastuti, U., Mujiono, Lasmiati, & Yuliadi. (2011). Peta Resistensi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue Aedes aegypti terhadap Insektisida kelompok Organofosfat, Karbamat dan Pyrethroid Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Dan Daerah. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 39(4), 176–189.
World Health Organization. (2005). Panduan Lengkap. Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Dengue dan Demam Berdarah Dengue. . Kedokteran EGC.
Yang, F. L., Zhu, F., & Lei, C. L. (2012). Insecticidal activities of garlic substances against adults of grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Insect Science, 19(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2011.01446.x
Yusuf, O. K., & Bewaji, C. O. (2011). Evaluation of essential oils composition of methanolic Allium sativum extract on Trypanosoma brucei infected rats. Research In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 3(2), 17–21.
Zhu, J., Zeng, X., Ma, Y., Liu, T., & Han, Y. (2006). Adult Repellency and Larvicidal Activity of Five Plant Essential Oils Against Mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 22(3), 515–522. https://doi.org/10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[515:ARALAO]2.0.CO;2
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