Sainstek : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi

A Review of Ethnobotanical Knowledge on Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants in Minangkabau Communities

Atiqa Zhafira Syahputri Rinaldi, Alponsin — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence. Ethnobotanical knowledge is essential for identifying natural antidiabetic agents. The Minangkabau people of West Sumatra possess extensive traditional knowledge of medicinal plants for diabetes management. This review documents these plants and analyzes species richness, plant-part utilization, and family distribution across regions. Data were collected through a systematic literature review using Google Scholar and Crossref. Relevant ethnobotanical studies from seven locations in West Sumatra were screened with predefined criteria and analyzed descriptively. A total of 53 medicinal plant species from 33 families were recorded. Most species were region-specific, with 32 species found in only one locality, indicating localized knowledge. Only ten species were shared among two or three regions. IV Koto Subdistrict exhibited the highest richness with 42 species, followed by Sungai Abu Solok and Nagari Sianok with eight each. Sijunjung recorded three species, while Sintuak, Talang, and Koto Baru Kambang each reported one species. Leaves were the most frequently used part (26 species), followed by rhizomes and fruits (seven each). Zingiberaceae dominated with six species, Asteraceae with four, while Lamiaceae and Poaceae each contributed three species. These findings reveal that traditional antidiabetic knowledge in West Sumatra is highly heterogeneous, shaped by ecological accessibility, cultural transmission, and local biodiversity. IV Koto represents a key center of ethnomedicinal knowledge and should be prioritized for future pharmacological and conservation studies.

Distribution, Conservation Status and List of Durio Adans (Malvaceae) in Southeast Asia: A Review

Alponsin, Ahmad Taufiq, Nurainas — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The genus Durio Adans. (Malvaceae) includes ecologically, economically, and culturally significant tropical trees primarily in Southeast Asia. However, knowledge remains constrained by taxonomic confusion, incomplete conservation assessments, and scattered biodiversity records. This review synthesizes current information on taxonomy, distribution, edibility, and conservation status using published literature and global databases (POWO, IUCN, GBIF) up to January 2026. A total of 43 species names have been reported from Asia, but after accounting for synonymy and genus transfers, only 31 species are taxonomically valid, with 29 recognized in POWO. Species richness centers on the Malesian region, particularly Borneo (20 species), Malay Peninsula (14 species), and Sumatra (8 species). Mainland Southeast Asia supports fewer taxa, including Thailand (4 species) and Myanmar (3 species). Endemism is high: 21 species are restricted to single regions, with 14 endemic to Borneo. At least 18 species produce edible fruits, though commercial cultivation is dominated by D. zibethinus, while several wild species remain locally utilized or underexploited. Conservation assessments reveal elevated extinction risk: eight species are Vulnerable, seven Near Threatened, five Endangered, and seven Least Concern. Several taxa remain Data Deficient or Not Evaluated. Analysis of GBIF records shows occurrence data are dominated by historical collections, with few recent records, complicating population status assessments. These findings emphasize the need for integrative taxonomy, updated field surveys, ethnobotanical documentation, and multigene molecular analyses to improve biodiversity assessment and conservation planning for Durio in Southeast Asia.

An Empirical Study of Student Errors in Solving Absolute Value Inequalities and Function Limits

Yulianti Rusdiana, Isnurani Isnurani, Gerry Sastro — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Solving absolute value inequalities and proving limits are foundational competencies in early calculus. However, many prospective mathematics teachers rely on procedural routines that fail when algebraic constraints and formal justification are required. This mixed-methods research combines a descriptive tally of written errors with follow-up clinical interviews to examine students’ error patterns and the factors underlying them. Participants were 25 second-semester calculus students in a Mathematics Education program. A test on absolute value inequalities and limits (including an item requiring avoidance of division by zero and an ε–δ proof) was adapted from Purcell and Varberg and reviewed by three calculus lecturers for content relevance and clarity. Results indicate that routine limit evaluation by direct substitution was generally successful; however, performance dropped sharply for tasks demanding structural reasoning: no participant solved the limit item involving a removable discontinuity with a domain restriction, and only one participant produced an acceptable ε–δ argument. Across tasks, errors clustered into (i) conceptual errors (misinterpreting absolute value as “always positive” and conflating limit value with function value), (ii) systematic procedural errors (incorrect case-splitting, invalid algebraic transformations, and unjustified cancellation), and (iii) random/careless errors. Interview data suggest that incomplete concept images, fragile prerequisite algebra, and low confidence when facing proof-oriented prompts jointly contributed to these errors. The findings support instruction that explicitly foregrounds domain restrictions, connects multiple representations of limit, and scaffolds ε–δ reasoning through guided bounding and δ(ε) construction

Developing an Articulate Storyline-Based Interactive Learning Media for High School Kinematics: Validity, Practicality, and Effectiveness

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Understanding kinematics remains challenging for many high school students because the topic requires learners to interpret and relate multiple forms of representation, including verbal explanations, mathematical equations, graphs, and motion visualizations. Although Articulate Storyline has been widely used to develop digital learning media, studies focusing on high school kinematics while comprehensively evaluating the product in terms of validity, practicality, and effectiveness remain limited. This study aimed to develop an Articulate Storyline-based interactive learning media for kinematics using the ADDIE instructional design model. The product was validated by three subject-matter experts and three media experts. Its practicality was evaluated by one physics teacher and 32 tenth-grade students, while its effectiveness was examined using a pretest-posttest control group design involving 62 students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and normalized gain (N-gain). The developed learning media achieved a content validity score of 90.7% and a media validity score of 88.9%, both categorized as very valid. The practicality evaluation indicated that the media was very practical, with teacher and student practicality scores of 90.0% and 93.9%, respectively. The effectiveness evaluation showed that the experimental group achieved a high N-gain score of 0.72, whereas the control group obtained a moderate N-gain score of 0.58, indicating greater learning improvement among students who used the developed media. These findings demonstrate that the Articulate Storyline-based interactive learning media is valid, practical, and effective for improving students' conceptual understanding of kinematics and can serve as an alternative digital learning resource for senior high school physics instruction.

Needs Analysis for the Development of STEM-Based Electronic Student Worksheets Oriented on Local Wisdom to Facilitate Problem-Solving

Radiatul Yelni Mukti, Hidayati, Fatni Mufit, Renol Afrizon — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Problem-solving skills are a 21st-century competency that students must possess in physics learning, but field observations indicate that achievement remains low. This study aims to analyze the need for developing STEM-based Electronic Student Worksheets oriented toward local wisdom to facilitate problem-solving skills in temperature and heat materials. Using the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), this research focuses on the Define stage. Data were collected from 3 physics teachers and 34 students of grade XI F1 at SMAN 1 Linggo Sari Baganti using problem-solving ability tests, teacher interview guidelines, and student characteristics questionnaires. The results of the analysis showed that the average problem-solving ability of students is low at 52%, with achievement across five indicators as follows: useful description (52%), physics approach (53%), specific application of physics (49%), mathematical procedures (52%), and logical progression (54%). Furthermore, data revealed that 67.7% of students fall into the poor and very poor categories, while only 11.8% reach the very good category. Interview results confirmed that the teaching materials currently used are 100% conventional and have not yet integrated STEM approaches or local wisdom contexts. Questionnaire data indicated that while students demonstrate high readiness for technology-integrated learning, their current motivation is hindered by monotonous printed materials. This study concludes that there is an urgent need to develop interactive STEM-based Electronic Student Worksheets integrated with local wisdom to bridge the gap between physics theory and students' daily lives. The development of such innovative learning tools is essential to create more interactive, contextual, and effective learning environments that can significantly improve students' problem-solving skills.

A Systematic Literature Review of Characterization of Porous Materials and Their Materials Properties With the Support of Mapping Bibliometrics Using VOSviewer Software and Pico Framework

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Because their performance is highly dependent on their material qualities, porous materials are widely used in engineering, environmental, biomedical, and energy applications. Despite a growing body of research, no prior review has methodically combined bibliometric analysis with a thorough assessment of characterization methods based on the material attributes under investigation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify research trends, analyze how characterization techniques have evolved, and assess their contributions to the material properties of porous materials. A mixed strategy that integrated a modified PICO-based systematic review with bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer was used. 41 studies published between 2014 and 2024 were chosen for qualitative analysis after a thorough screening process. Eight research clusters were found using bibliometric mapping, with the most popular subjects being characterisation, porosity, pore size, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the systematic review, porosity (25), mechanical (20), thermal (8), and optical (5) qualities were explored more frequently than structural parameters (38 research). Because they offer thorough information on morphology, microstructure, and phase composition—all of which have a direct impact on material performance—SEM, pore size analysis, and phase characterization continue to be the principal methods. In order to promote future developments in porous material characterisation, this review summarizes existing characterization methodologies, points out research gaps, and highlights the benefits of combining bibliometric mapping with systematic review techniques.

DFT+U Investigation of Electronic Properties of CuO/Fe₂O₃ Heterojunction: Band Gap Engineering and Charge Transfer Mechanism for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Maulana Reizqy Anughrah, Riri Jonuarti, Leni Azius Fitri, Eka Susanti — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of efficient, earth-abundant photocatalysts for solar water splitting remains a central challenge in renewable-energy research. The electronic properties of , a heterojunction, and the adsorption of water-derived species on the surface were investigated using spin-polarized first-principles calculations within the DFT+U framework, as implemented in the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) with the GGA-PBE functional and Hubbard corrections of U = 5.3 eV (Fe-3d) and U=6.5 eV (Cu-3d). The pristine slab exhibits an indirect band gap of 1.28 eV, with the valence band maximum (VBM) at Γ and the conduction band minimum (CBM) between Y and Γ; the valence band is dominated by O-2p states and the conduction band by Fe-3d states, while symmetric spin channels confirm its antiferromagnetic character. Formation of the heterojunction widens the indirect gap to 1.61 eV (Δ= +0.33 eV), driven by hybridization of Cu-3d and Fe-3d orbitals that lifts the lower conduction band, with empty Cu-s states appearing near 2.8 eV above the Fermi level. The orbital redistribution is suggestive of an S-scheme charge-transfer mechanism in which CuO acts as the reduction photocatalyst and as the oxidation photocatalyst. Among the adsorbed species, the interaction strength increases in the order < • < •, with • showing the strongest Fe–O orbital hybridization. The gap remains below experimental value (2.1 eV). These results point to as candidate visible-light S-scheme photocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction, while a quantitative assessment of the reaction is left for future work.

Analysis of the Subsurface Structure of Mount Kerinci Based on Gravity Anomaly and 2-D Modeling

Rista Tri Rahma, Zulhendra, Ahmad Fauzi, Hamdi — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Mount Kerinci is an active type A volcano and the highest mountain in Southeast Asia with an altitude of 3,805 m above sea level. This study aims to analyze the distribution pattern of gravity anomalies and identify the subsurface structure of Mount Kerinci using the gravity method. The data used are satellite gravity data from the Global Gravity Model Plus (GGMPlus) with a spatial resolution of ±220 m. Data processing includes the calculation of Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA), separation of regional and residual anomalies, and two-dimensional (2D) forward modeling of residual anomalies. The results show that the CBA value ranges from 0–46 mGal. Low anomalies (0–14 mGal) develop in the northern to northeastern parts, moderate anomalies (15–30 mGal) dominate the area around the summit of Mount Kerinci, while high anomalies (31–46 mGal) are located in the southwest. The distribution of these anomalies reflects variations in subsurface rock density influenced by differences in lithology, geological structure, and volcanic activity. The results of 2D modeling indicate that the subsurface structure of Mount Kerinci is composed of Quaternary volcanic rocks with a density of 2.20–2.55 g/cm³, a low-density alteration and fracture zone of approximately 2.20 g/cm³ below the summit, a magmatic intrusion body or magma conduit with a density of approximately 2.90 g/cm³, and a high-density basement rock of approximately 3.40 g/cm³. The results indicate that the volcanic system of Mount Kerinci is controlled by magmatic activity that develops on denser basement rocks.