Poligami sebagai Rukhṣah dalam Tafsir M. Quraish Shihab: Kajian Epistemologis atas Keadilan dan Batas Etis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/istinarah.v7i2.16340Keywords:
Epistemology of Tafsir, Polygamy, Rukhṣah, Affective Justice, M. Quraish ShihabAbstract
Polygamy is an issue that continues to raise debates in the discourse of Islamic law and modern family law, especially related to the principles of justice and the protection of women's rights. This study aims to analyze polygamy from the perspective of M. Quraish Shihab, by examining the meaning of justice and the ethical limits of polygamy through the interpretation of Q.S. An-Nisa verses 3 and 129. This research employs a qualitative approach in library research, utilizing the method of thematic interpretation (mauḍū'ī) and an interpretive-analytical approach to the works of Quraish Shihab, particularly Tafsir al-Mishbah, and contextualizes these works within the discourse of Islamic marriage law. The results of the study show that polygamy in Islamic teachings is not positioned as a command or encouragement, but as rukhṣah (leniency) limited by strict conditions of justice. Quraish Shihab emphasizes the distinction between outward and measurable material justice and affective justice related to love and the inclination of the heart, which by nature, is difficult to manifest perfectly. Q.S. An-Nisa verse 129 serves as a moral warning of the high risk of injustice in the practice of polygamy. Epistemologically, these findings suggest that Shihab's interpretation balances the authority of the text with the social context and ethical purpose of the Qur'an, so that monogamy is understood as the form of marriage that comes closest to the ideal of Islamic ethics, while polygamy is a strictly limited exception and full of moral responsibility.
References
Al Qurtuby, S. (2022). Between Polygyny And Monogamy: Marriage In Saudi Arabia And Beyond. Al-Jami’ah: Journal Of Islamic Studies, 60(1), 29–62. Https://Doi.Org/10.14421/Ajis.2022.601.29-62
Al-Ṭabarī, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr. (t.t.). Jāmi‘ al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl Āy al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Amin Abdullah, M. (2012). Bangunan Baru Epistemologi Keilmuan Studi Hukum Islam Dalam Merespon Globalisasi. Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum, 46(Ii), 315–368.
Amiri, K. S. (2021). Perkembangan Dan Problematika Hukum Perkawinan Di Indonesia. Al-Mujtahid: Journal Of Islamic Family Law, 1(1), 50. Https://Doi.Org/10.30984/Jifl.V1i1.1639
Ansori, F. (2022). Analisis Yuridis Tentang Bentuk Berlaku Adil Dalam Perkawinan Poligami. Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum, 14(2), 405. Https://Doi.Org/10.31602/Al-Adl.V14i2.6582
Ardhian, R. F., Anugrah, S., & Bima, S. (2015). Poligami Dalam Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Positif Indonesia Serta Urgensi Pemberian Izin Poligam Di Pengadilan Agama. 2.
Asiyah, S., Irsad, M., Prasetiawati, E., & Ikhwanudin, I. (2019). Konsep Poligami Dalam Alquran: Studi Tafsir Al-Misbah Karya M. Quraish Shihab. Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 4(1), 85–100. Https://Doi.Org/10.25217/Jf.V4i1.443
Asmu’i, A., Nasution, M. R., & Harahap, M. I. (2024). Konsep Keadilan Islam Pada Ranah Spesifik Poligami (Ta’adud Al-Zaujāt) Dalam Alquran Perspektif Mufassir Wahbah Al-Zuḥailī. Kamaya: Jurnal Ilmu Agama, 7(3), 76–89. Https://Doi.Org/10.37329/Kamaya.V7i3.3477
Cahyani Intan, A. (2018). Poligami Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam The Polygamy In The Perspectif Of Islamic Law. Al-Qadau, 5(2), 271–280
Creswell, J. W., & Guetterman, T. C. (2019). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
Duri, R. (2022). Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Poligami Dalam Masyarakat (Studi Pada Pasangan Poligami Di Kecamatan Umbulharjo Kota Yogyakarta). El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 5(1), 102. Https://Doi.Org/10.22373/Ujhk.V5i1.15057
Fata, A. K., & Mustofa, M. (2013). Menyoal Kontekstualisasi Hukum Islam Tentang Poligami. Al-Ulum, 13(2), 417–421.
Fathurrahman, N., Fredo, B. A., Aristya, T. R., Hidayat, A., Baidha, S. M., & Ashshidiqqi, E. A. (2024). Perkawinan Poligami Dalam Hukum Positif Di Indonesia. 01(12).
Hikmah, S. (2012). Fakta Poligami Sebagai Bentuk Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender, 7(2), 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.21580/Sa.V7i2.646
Ichsan, M. (2018). Poligami Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam (Kajian Tafsir Muqaranah). Juris (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 17(2), 151. Https://Doi.Org/10.31958/Juris.V17i2.1196
Imron, A. (2012). Menimbang Poligami Dalam Hukum Perkawinan. Qistie, 6(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.31942/Jqi.V6i1.550
Khafsoh, N. A., Rukmaniyah, R., & Farhani, K. R. S. (2022). Praktik Poligami Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif M. Quraish Shihab, Hussein Muhammad, Dan Nasaruddin Umar (The Practice Of Polygamy In Indonesia Within The Perspectives Of M. Quraish Shihab, Hussein Muhammad, And Nasaruddin Umar). Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 16(2), 475–494. Https://Doi.Org/10.14421/Jsr.V16i2.2307
Lahaling, H., & Makkulawuzar, K. (2021). Dampak Pelaksanaan Perkawinan Poligami Terhadap Perempuan Dan Anak. Al-Mujtahid: Journal Of Islamic Family Law, 1(2), 80. Https://Doi.Org/10.30984/Jifl.V1i2.1742
Madjid, R. (2024). Representasi Poligami Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif. Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum, Pengadilan Agama Manado.
Maswir, M. (2019). Implementasi Hukum Islam Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Siyasah Syar’iyah. Hukum Islam, 19(1), 81. Https://Doi.Org/10.24014/Hi.V19i1.7249
Mulia, S. M. (2007). Islam Menggugat Poligami. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Muthmainnah, M., Al Amin, M. N. K., Syaifuddin, E., & Asmorohadi, A. (2022). Izin Pernikahan Poligami Di Kecamatan Playen. Asas Wa Tandhim: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 1(1), 17–32. Https://Doi.Org/10.47200/Awtjhpsa.V1i1.1116
Nugroho, R. S. (2024). Praktik Poligami dan Tujuan Pernikahan dalam Rumah Tangga. JIPOLIS: Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Ilmu Sosial, 1(2)
Petta Solong, N., & Adrian, A. (2020). Penerapan Iqra Talaqi Dalam Mengatasi Kesulitan Membaca Al-Qur’an Peserta Didik. Educator (Directory Of Elementary Education Journal), 1(2), 156–173. Https://Doi.Org/10.58176/Edu.V1i2.82
Puspytasari, H. H., Maulana, A., & Agustina, F. (2023). Poligami Dalam Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Perkawinan.
Rahman, S., Qamar, N., & Kamran, M. (2020). Efektivitas Pembagian Harta Bersama Pasca Perceraian: Studi Kasus Perkawinan Poligami. Sign Jurnal Hukum, 1(2), 104–118. Https://Doi.Org/10.37276/Sjh.V1i2.60
S. Barodi, N. B. S. (2023). An Analysis Of The Legal Implications Of Malaki V. People of The Philippines On Polygyny Under The Code Of Muslim Personal Laws of The Philippines. Iium Law Journal, 31(2), 373–392. Https://Doi.Org/10.31436/Iiumlj.V31i2.865
Saifuddin, S. (2018). Prospek Hukum Islam Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia. Al-’Adalah, 14(2), 461. Https://Doi.Org/10.24042/Adalah.V14i2.2516
Saeed, A. (2006). Interpreting the Qur’an: Towards a contemporary approach. Routledge.
Shihab, M. Q. (2002). Tafsir Al-Mishbah: Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an (Vol. 1–15). Jakarta: Lentera Hati.
Shihab, M. Q., & Shihab, M. Q. (2012b). Surah Al-Isrâʾ, Surah Al-Kahf, Surah Maryam, Surah Thâhâ (Cetakan V). Lentera Haiti.
Sinta Nopriana, Nyimas Lidya Putri Pertiwi, & Firmansyah. (2025). Dampak Poligami Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Istri Perspektif Keadilan Hakiki. Syakhshiyyah Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 4(2), 288–309. Https://Doi.Org/10.32332/Qr4vh125
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sumarkan, S., Choiroh, I. M., & Dikuraisyin, B. (2022). Distingsi Trilogi Hukum Terhadap Legalisasi Poligami Masyarakat Madura. Yudisia : Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam, 13(2), 159. Https://Doi.Org/10.21043/Yudisia.V13i2.16216
Umar, N. (2001). Argumen Kesetaraan Gender: Perspektif Al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Paramadina.
Yusuf, A., Afrizal, T. Y., & Saifullah, T. (2021). Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Perkawinan Poligami Yang Tidak Tercatat (Studi Penelitian Di Desa Kota Panton Labu Kecamatan Tanah Jambo Aye Kabupaten Aceh Utara). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh, 2(3). Https://Doi.Org/10.29103/Jimfh.V4i2.4067
Yusuf, Annisa, Teuku Yudi Afrizal, And T Saifullah (2021). “Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Perkawinan Poligami Yang Tidak Tercatat (Studi Penelitian Di Desa Kota Panton Labu Kecamatan Tanah Jambo Aye Kabupaten Aceh Utara).” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh 2, No. 3. Https://Doi.Org/10.29103/Jimfh.V4i2.4067.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Durotul Qoyimah, M. Ghibran Akbar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with?áIstinarah: Riset Keagamaan, Sosial dan Budaya?áagree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a?áCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License?á(CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See?áThe Effect of Open Access).
