Religious Authority and Family Law Reform in Indonesia: The Response and Influence of the Indonesian Ulema Council on Interfaith Marriage

Kholifatun Nur Mustofa, Sheila Fakhria, Milla Khumayla Quintana, Yusup Tauziri, Dasrizal Marah Nainin

Abstract


This paper examines the response and attitude of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to practice interfaith marriage and study the influence of MUI in the development of the rules of interfaith marriage. Research data is taken through online media accessible in the news online, website and fatwa MUI as well as other supporting sources. This paper argues that MUI keep trying to assert the prohibition of marriage between religions through their fatwas and through responses in the media to the proliferation of interfaith marriages. Other responses are also in presented by the Indonesian Ulema Council through information when asked for opinions in the Judicial Review and when asked for the same opinion on social media. MUI's attitude is also shown through the lawsuit against the Surabaya District Court for granting interfaith marriage. This paper found that the effect of MUI on marriage rules was different from religion can be seen clearly by issuing rules regarding interfaith marriage, through Circular Letter Number 2 of 2023 concerning the prohibition of judges from granting a marriage of different faiths so that the Indonesian Ulema Council seems to provide the influence on law is particularly high in interfaith marriages in Indonesia.

Keywords


Interfaith Marriage, Indonesian Ulema Council, Religious Authority; Islamic Family Law

Full Text:

PDF

References


Achmad, M. (2022). The Indonesian Council Ulama (MUI) and Religious Discourse In Indonesia. Tebuireng: Journal of Islamic Studies and Society, 2(2), 123–142. https://doi.org/10.33752/tjiss.v2i2.2609

Adil, M., & Jamil, S. (2023). Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: Polemics and Perspectives of Religious Leaders and Community Organizations. Religion & Human Rights, 18(1), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.1163/18710328-bja10031

Alam, A. A. P. (2022). Interfaith Marriage Perspective of Fiqh Law and Positive Law. NUSANTARA: Journal Of Law Studies, 1(1), 33–39.

Alfitri. (2020). Bureaucratizing fatwā in Indonesia: The council of Indonesian ulama and its quasi-legislative power. Ulumuna, 24(2), 367–397. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v24i2.412

Al-Ghifari, S. (2023). Ketua Wantim MUI: PengesahanPerkawinan Beda Agama oleh PN Surabaya Tidak Sejalan dengan Fatwa. Website Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

Ali, M. (2002). Fatwas on inter-faith marriage in Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 9(3), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v9i3.658

Aris Setiyanto, D. (2018). Fatwa Sebagai Media Social Engineering (Analisis Fatwa MUI di Bidang Hukum Keluarga Pasca Reformasi). Al-Ahkam Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum, 3(1), 85–106. https://doi.org/10.22515/alahkam.v3i1.1342

Asy’ari, & Fisa, T. (2022). Interfaith Marriage in Perspectives of Classical and Modern Scholars. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 16(2), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v16i2.6772

Aulia, I. (2022). Hukum Pernikahan Beda Agama Menurut Perspektif Fatwa MUI. Website Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

Baihaki, A. (2024). Legality of Registering Interreligious Marriages In Indonesia Post Sema Number 2 Year 2023. Journal of Social Research, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v3i1.1912

Basit Misbachul, F. A., & Badrus Sholeh, M. (2022). Pernikahan Beda Agama Perspektif Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, 1(2), 1–14.

Bisri, H., Anwar, Y. K., & Husni, H. (2023). The Fatwas of Indonesian Ulema Council tn The Era of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Islamic Legal Maxim Perspective. Tajdid, 29(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.606

Chairunnisyah, S. (2017). The Role of the Indonesian Ulama Council in Issuing Halal Certificates in Food and Cosmetic Products. Jurnal EduTech, 3(2), 64–75.

Elmali-Karakaya, A. (2022). Interfaith Marriage in Islam: Classical Islamic Resources and Contemporary Debates on Muslim Women’s Interfaith Marriages †. Religions, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13080726

Faizah, N. (2020). PERKAWINAN ANTAR AGAMA (Fiqh Perbandingandan Fiqh Kontemporer). Jurnal Pro Justice: Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial, 1(1), 91–100.

Farid, D., Abdulah Pakarti, M. H., Hendriana, & Fathiah, I. (2022). Interfaith Marriage: Subjectivity of the Judge in Determination of No. 454/pdt.p/2018 Surakarta District Court. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 7(2), 347–362. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i2.4574

Farida, A. (2016). Pendapat Para Fuqoha Dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Tentang Filosofi Dan Hikmah Larangan Pernikahan Beda Agama Serta Dampaknya. Mahkamah, 1(1), 257–283.

Gemilang, K. M., Firmanda, H., Maghfirah, Lastfitriani, H., & Hakimi, A. R. (2023). Discussing the Phenomenon of the Appointment of Judges in District Courts Regarding Interfaith Marriages from a Legal Logic Perspective. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8(2), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i2.8185

Gunawan, E., Hakim, B. R., Tohis, R. A., & Mash’ud, I. (2024). Interfaith Marriage of North Sulawesi Multicultural Community in Minority Fiqh Perspective. Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial, 19(2), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v19i2.8072

Hakim, Z. (2021). Peran Fatwa Mui Sebagai Produk Hukum Islam Dalam Masyarakat. Al’Adalah, 24(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.35719/aladalah.v24i2.77

Hamim, K., Iskandar, M., & Azizurrohman, M. (2022a). Interfaith Marriage in North Lombok: Sociological Perspective of Islamic Law. Khazanah Hukum, 4(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i2.19657

Hamim, K., Iskandar, M., & Azizurrohman, M. (2022b). Interfaith Marriage in North Lombok: Sociological Perspective of Islamic Law. Khazanah Hukum, 4(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i2.19657

Hamzah, M. M. (2018). Peran Dan Pengaruh Fatwa Mui Dalam Arus Transformasi Sosial Budaya Di Indonesia. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 17(1), 127–154. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol17.iss1.art7

Hanafi, Y., Taufiq, A., Saefi, M., Ikhsan, M. A., Diyana, T. N., Hadiyanto, A., Purwanto, Y., & Mawardi, A. I. (2020). Indonesian Ulema Council Fatwa On Religious Practices During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Investigation Of Muslim Compliance. Research Square, 1–21.

Hastuti, I., Sanjaya, E., & Prasetyo, B. (2022). Interfaith Marriage And Its Legal Consequences For Children Born According To Islamic Law. International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences, 3(1), 509–517. https://doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i1.303

Hasyim, S. (2011). The Council of Indonesian Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) and Religious Freedom. Irasec’s Discussion Papers, 12, 1–26.

Hedi, F., Anshori, A. G., & Harun. (2017). Legal Policy of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review, 3(3), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i3.1297

Humas Mahkamah Konstitusi. (2022). MUI Minta MK Tolak Perkawinan Beda Agama. Website Mahkamah Konstitusi.

Ibad, M. B. (2019). Perkawinan Beda Agama Perspektif Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Muhammadiyah. Al-Hukama’, 9(1), 195–230. https://doi.org/10.15642/alhukama.2019.9.1.195-230

Ichwan, M. N. (2005). “Ulamā”, State and Politics: Majelis Ulama Indonesia After Suharto. Islamic Law and Society.

Ilhami, H. (2018). Kontribusi Fatwa Mui No.11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Anak Hasil Zina Dan Perlakuan Terhadapnya Dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Indonesia. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 30(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.29048

Izmuddin, I., Amalia, E., Nasir, M. A., & Muttaqin, F. (2023). The Legitimation of Religion in Profit Seeking: The Role of National Shari’ah Division of The Indonesian Muslim Council (DSN-MUI). Samarah, 7(2), 781–800. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.15835

Jatmiko, B. D. W., Hidayah, N. P., & Echaib, S. (2022). Legal Status of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia and Its Implications for Registration. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2(3), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i3.43

Jauhari, M. S. (2020). The Level of People’s Obedience to MUI Fatwas (COVID-19, Bank Interest, and Interfaith Marriage). Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 2.

Kadir, M. Y. A, & Rizki, F. (2023). Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: a Critique of Court Verdicts. Yuridika, 38(1), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v38i1.38099

Kadriah, K., Saiful, T., & Hidayat, M. N. (2021). Interreligous Marriage According to Indonesian Legislation. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210506.060

Kaptein, N. J. G. (2004). The Voice of the “Ulamǎ”: Fatwas and Religious Authority in Indonesia. Archives de Sciences Sociales Des Religions, 125(1), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.4000/assr.1038

Kompas.com. (2023). MUI Datangi MA Bahas Pernikahan Beda Agama. Kompas.Com.

Latif, N., & Sari, I. M. (2020). The Relation between Religion and Science in Decree of the Indonesian Ulema Council in a Pandemic. Journal of Transcendental Law, 2(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v2i2.12598

Mahendra, S., & Junaidi, M. (2023). The Position of the Indonesian Council of Ulama in The Indonesian State Governmental Legal System. Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.22515/alahkam.v8i1.6428

Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. (2023). Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2023. In Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (1980). Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Mengenai Perkawinan Campuran. Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 44–47.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2005). Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 4/MUNASVII/MUI/8/2005 Tentang Perkawinan Beda Agama. Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 472–477.

Maloko, M. T., Chotban, S., Fuady, M. I. N., & Hasdiwanti. (2024). Analyzing the prohibition of interfaith marriage in Indonesia: legal, religious, and human rights perspectives. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2308174

Maula, B. S., & Muhsin, I. (2024a). Interfaith Marriage and the Religion–State Relationship: Debates between Human Rights Basis and Religious Precepts. Samarah, 8(2), 791–820. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.19479

Maula, B. S., & Muhsin, I. (2024b). Interfaith Marriage and the Religion–State Relationship: Debates between Human Rights Basis and Religious Precepts. Samarah, 8(2), 791–820. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.19479

MUI Sulawesi Selatan. (2022). Soal Vonis PN Surabaya, MUI Sulsel Ingatkan Pernikahan Beda Agama Tak Sah. Website Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

MUI, R. (2022). MUI Meminta Putusan Legal Nikah Beda Agama PN Surabaya di Tinjau Ulang. Website Majelis Ulama Indonesia. https://mirror.mui.or.id/berita/35934/mui-minta-putusan-legal-nikah-beda-agama-pn-surabaya-ditinjau-ulang/

Mui’n, F. (2019). Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Undang-undang Tentang Perkawinan Beda Agama. Nizham, 07, 91–105.

Mulyati, M. (2019). Kontribusi Mui Dalam Pengembangan Dan Penerapan Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Al-Mashlahah Jurnal Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial, 7(01), 83. https://doi.org/10.30868/am.v7i01.547

Mursalin, S., Nurjanah, S., Sahat Marune, A. E. M., Sebyar, M. H., & Kindiya, H. Al. (2023). Pecoah Kohon: The Restriction on Inter-Cousins Marriage in Indigenous the Rejang Society. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 22(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i1.9025

Mushodiq, M. A., & Imron, A. (2020). Peran Majelis Ulama Indonesia Dalam Mitigasi Pandemi Covid-19 (Tinjauan Tindakan Sosial dan Dominasi Kekuasaan Max Weber). SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-i, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i5.15315

Mustofa, K. N. (2022). Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim dalam Mengabulkan dan Menolak Permohonan Izin Menikah Beda Agama di Pengadilan Negeri Pati dan Ungaran. Al-Hukama’ (The Indonesian Journal of Islamic Family Law), 12.

Mutakabbir, A., & Said, R. A. R. (2022). Dinamisasi Hukum Islam, Analisis Fatwa MUI Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Palita: Journal of Social Religion Research, 6(2), 171–192.

Mutakin, A. (2021). FIQH PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DI INDONESIA: Kajian atas Fatwa-Fatwa NU , MUI dan Muhammadiyah. Al- Ahwal, 14(1), 11–25.

Najib, M., Suganda, A., & Rifa’i, Z. (2024). Interfaith Marriages in Indonesia: A Study in The Perspective of Islamic Law and State Law. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 39–52. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-279-8_6

Nasir, M. A. (2020). Religion, Law, and Identity: Contending Authorities on Interfaith Marriage in Lombok, Indonesia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 31(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2020.1773618

Nasir, M. A. (2022). Negotiating Muslim Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: Integration and Conflict in Islamic Law. Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 21(2), 155–186. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v21i2.5436

Nisa, E. F. (2023). Interfaith Marriages in Indonesia : Between the Law, State Ideology, and Progressive Muslim Voices. Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.11116/9789461665423

Noormansyah, A., & Sanjaya, U. H. (2022). The Legal Vacuum Of Interreligious Marriage In Indonesia: The Study Of Judges’ Consideration In Interreligious Marriage Court Decisions 2010 -2021. Prophetic Law Review, 4(2), 177–194. https://doi.org/10.20885/plr.vol4.iss2.art3

Nurlaelawati, E. (2016). Hukum Keluarga Islam ala Negara: Penafsiran dan Debat atas Dasar Hukum Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Kalangan Otoritas Agama dan Ahli Hukum. 50(1).

Oktaviana, D., & Fakhruddin. (2022). PN Surabaya Legalkan Menikah Beda Agama, Sekjen MUI: Bertentangan dengan Aturan Negara. Website Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

Pengadilan Agama Probolinggo. (2022). Dinamika Pernikahan Beda Agama di Indonesia. Website Mahkamah Agung.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 68/PUU-XII/2014, Mahkmah Konstitusi 1 (2014).

Putusan Nomor 24/PUU-XX/2022, Mahkamah Konstitusi 1 (2022).

Radwan Siddik Turnip, I. (2021). Perkawinan Beda Agama: Perspektif Ulama Tafsir, Fatwa MUI Dan Hukum Keluarga Islam Di Indonesia. Al - Tadabbur: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 6(01), 107–139. https://doi.org/10.30868/at.v6i01.1337

Rizky, M., Aditya, E., Dinda Khoirunnisa, ;, Fawwas, F., Qiston, A., Aisyah, ;, & Azizah, Z. (2023a). El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga The Problem of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: A Juridical-Normative Approach. 6(2). https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/usrah/

Rizky, M., Aditya, E., Dinda Khoirunnisa, ;, Fawwas, F., Qiston, A., Aisyah, ;, & Azizah, Z. (2023b). The Problem of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: A Juridical-Normative Approach. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 6(2). https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/usrah/

Rosidah, Z. N., Karjoko, L., & Palil, M. R. (2023). The Government’s Role in Interfaith Marriage Rights Protection: A Case Study of Adjustment and Social Integration. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3(2), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.105

Rosidi, I., Yazid, Y., & Amril. (2021). The Fragmentation of Religious Authority in Provincial Towns in Indonesia: The Case of the mui (Indonesian Muslim Scholar Council) in Pekanbaru and Pontianak. Manusya: Journal of Humanities, 24(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-24020001

Salam, N., Purnomo, A., Saifullah, S., & Ahmad, S. (2024). Interfaith Marriage from the Perspective of Rationality: Theocentrism in Islamic Law and Anthropocentrism in Human Rights Law. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah, 16(1), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i1.23989

Sanjaya, U. H. (2023). Interpretation of Interfaith and/or Belief Marriage by Judges: Disparity and Legal Vacuum. Konstitusi, 20(3), 536–555.

Santoso, D., Jafar, W. A., Nasrudin, M., Asmara, M., & Fauzan. (2022). Harmony of religion and culture: fiqh munākahat perspective on the Gayo marriage custom. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 22(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJTIHAD.V22I2.199-218

Savitria, D. N. (2022). Legal Policy on the Protection of the Right to Health during the Covid-19 Pandemic in France. Bestuur, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v10i1.64330

Setiawan, I., Arifin, T., Saepullah, U., & Safei, A. (2024). Reforming Marriage Law in Indonesia: A Critical Examination of Islamic Law on the Ban of Interfaith Marriages. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 18(2), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11134

Sirry, M. (2013). Fatwas and their controversy: The case of the Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI). Journal of Southest Asian Studies, 44(1).

Siswanto, M. (2021). Fatwa-Fatwa Hukum Keluarga Majelis Ulama Indonesia Tahun 1975-2012 Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Al-Syari’ah. Hukum Islam, 21(2), 205–235.

Sonafist, Y., & Yuningsih, H. (2023). Islamic Law, the State, and Human Rights: The Contestation of Interfaith Marriage Discourse on Social Media in Indonesia. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 22(2), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i2.10934

Suara.com. (2023a). MUI Desak MA Larang Nikah Beda Agama. Suara.Com.

Suara.com. (2023b). MUI Siapkan Kajian Mendalam Mengenai Pernikahan Beda Agama. Suara.Com.

Suhasti, E., Djazimah, S., & Hartini. (2018). Polemics on Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia Between Rules and Practices. Al-Jami’ah, 56(2), 367–394. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2018.562.367-394

Tamika. (2023, September 11). MUI dan Ormas Islam: Pernikahan Beda Agama Dinilai Haram dan Tidak Sah. Dinas Kependudukan Dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Mimika.

Tarigan, A. A., Naldo, J., Hutagalung, S. A., & Bustami, M. R. (2024). Islam and Christianity at Rumah Gadang: The Household Characteristics of Minangnese Interfaith Marriage. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 23(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.11926

Thahir, A. H. (2024). Towards the Multidimensional Ushul Al-Fiqh: A Study of the Integration of Science in the Fatwa of Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Samarah, 8(2), 687–705. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.19686

Wardhani, N. E. (2023). The Existence Of Fatwa Of The National Sharia Council (Dsn)-Indonesian Ulema Council (Mui) In Answering All Doubts In Achieving Legal Certainty. Baltic Journal of Law &Politics, 16(03), 3623–3630. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2023-00000275

Yahya, S. S., & Fawzi, R. (2021). Tinjauan Fatwa Mui Nomor 4 Tahun 2005 dan Fikih Munakahat terhadap Praktik Perkawinan Beda Agama di Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Jurnal Riset Hukum Keluarga Islam, 1(1), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrhki.v1i1.200




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i2.11849

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Kholifatun Nur Mustofa, Sheila Fakhria, Milla Khumayla Quintana, Yusup Tauziri, Dasrizal Marah Nainin

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Index By:

          

 

JURIS: Jurnal Ilmiah Syari'ah

ISSN 2580-2763 (online) and 1412-6109 (Print)

Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar

Email: [email protected]

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.