The Transformation of Electronic Mediation: A Legal Innovation in the Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution

Authors

  • Moh. Hamzah Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Az-Zain Sampang
  • Erie Hariyanto Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
  • Moh Zahid Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
  • Rudy Haryanto Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
  • Masrufah Masrufah Universitas Islam Negeri Madura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v25i1.15856

Keywords:

E-Mediation, E-Court, Information Technology., Sharia Economic Dispute

Abstract

Mediation has gain traction as a tool of non-adversarial dispute resolution; it is more cost-efficient, time-saving, and feasible to extend access to justice. However tech-based mediation causes a more complex issues surrounding legal and ethical matters, particularly when applied to legal system based on normative and religious values, like sharia economy. This study aims to contribute theoretical and normative insights to electronic mediation (e-mediation) as a legal innovation for dispute resolution in sharia economy in the discourse of global law. This doctrinal law investigation used three approaches: legal approach, conceptual approach, and normative-comparative approach. The primary materials were laws and regulations and official documents concerning e-mediation and e-court, and data analysis was conducted with qualitative-normative legal analysis. The result showed that the transformation of conventional mediation to electronic mediation through the Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2022 was a judiciary response to the challenges brough by digital disruption and the escalating sharia economy cases. Electronic mediation has expanded access to justice and offered efficient dispute resolution, particularly one involving business player and institutions. From the perspective of Islamic law, electronic mediation is legitimized by the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, especially justice (ʿadālah), protection of property (ḥifẓ al-māl), volunteerism, peace, and public interests (maṣlaḥah), creating a normative and substantial alignment.

References

Abduh, M. (2025). Mediasi Elektronik Sebagai Sarana Penyelesaian Sengketa di Era Digital (Tinjauan Atas Perma No. 3 Tahun 2022). Ahwaluna: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 6(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.70143/ahwalunajurnalhukumkeluargaislam.v6i1.442

Abu, Y. (2010). Aspek-Aspek Penelitian Hukum: Hukum Islam-Hukum Barat. Pustaka Pelajar.

Afandi, Y. (2009). Fiqh Muamalah dan Implementasinya Dalam Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Logung Pustaka.

Al-Asfahani, A.-R. (n.d.). Mu’jam Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur’an. Dar al-Fikr.

Amato, P. R., & Rogers, S. J. (1997). A Longitudinal Study of Marital Problems and Subsequent Divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59(3), 612. https://doi.org/10.2307/353949

Ashady, S., Grindulu, L., Islam, M. H., & Zainuddin, M. (2024). Perkembangan Regulasi dan Pelaksanaan Mediasi Pada Persidangan Secara Elektronik Pasca Berlakunya Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2022. CERMIN: Jurnal Penelitian, 8(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.36841/cermin_unars.v8i1.4152

Asriani, A., Surono, S., & Kumar, P. (2021). Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution During Covid-19 Pandemic. Al-’Adalah, 18(2), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v18i2.10112

Basir, C., Emirzon, J., Syaifuddin, M., & Hasan, S. (2024). Reconstruction of Sharia Economic Procedural Law in Indonesia and Comparison of Sharia Economic Cases in Malaysia and Indonesia. Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat, 24(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i1.22625

Bellucci, E., Venkatraman, S., & Stranieri, A. (2020). Online dispute resolution in mediating EHR disputes: a case study on the impact of emotional intelligence. Behaviour & Information Technology, 39(10), 1124–1139. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1645209

Bintoro, R. W. (2016). Kajian Ontologis Lembaga Mediasi Di Pengadilan. Yuridika, 31(1), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v31i1.1959

Boboy, J. T. B., Santoso, B., & Irawati, I. (2020). Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan Melalui Mediasi Berdasarkan Teori Dean G.Pruitt Dan Jeffrey Z.Rubin. Notarius, 13(2), 803–818. https://doi.org/10.14710/nts.v13i2.31168

Boulle, L. (2011). Mediation: Principles, Process, Practice. LexisNexis Butterworths.

Boulle, L., & Field, R. (2017). Australian Dispute Resolution: Law and Practice. Lexis Nexis Butterworths.

Casarosa, F. (2024). Access to (Digital) Justice: Is There a Place for Vulnerable People in Online Dispute Resolution Mechanisms? Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, 13(3), 126–134.

Chern, C., & Alexander, N. (2023). Digital Readiness and Online Mediation: Dedicated Online Dispute Resolution and General Social Communication Platforms Compared. BCDR International Arbitration Review, 10(1), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2023003

Darmawan, J. B., Suhariadi, F., Widjojo, S., Amiati, M., & Abdullah, A. H. (2025). Incorporating Islah Principles into Restorative Justice: Bridging Contemporary Legal Practice and Islamic Values. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 4(1), 269–294. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10435

Djauzie, M. Z. (2025). Pancasila Sebagai Grundnorm Menurut Teori Hukum Murni dan Teori Hukum Responsif. Jurnal Hukum To-Ra, 11(1), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.55809/tora.v11i1.456

Efendi, J., & Ibrahim, J. (2018). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Normatif dan Empiris. Prenada Media Group.

Elvia, E. E., Mujib, A., Nor, A., & Akbar, M. I. (2023). BASYARNAS as a Place for Dispute Resolution of Musyarakah Financing in Sharia Banking in the Disruption Era. El-Mashlahah, 13(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i1.5345

Fathorrozi, A., & Hamzah, M. (2024). Kepatuhan Syariah Pada Fintech Lending Syariah: Analisis Akad dan Implementasinya. Qawãnïn Journal of Economic Syaria Law, 8(1), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.30762/qaw.v8i1.494

Grusin, R. (2015). Radical mediation. Critical Inquiry, 42(1), 124–148. https://doi.org/10.1086/682998

Hamzah, M. (2022). Pencapaian Maqashid Syariah Dalam Kemajuan Ekonomi Masyarakat Madura Melalui Kearifan Lokal (Rokat Tase’). Al-Iqtishadiyah: Ekonomi Syariah Dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31602/iqt.v8i1.6808

Hamzah, M. (2024). Fiqih Muamalah dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah: Landasan Teologis, Filantropi, Etika Bisnis Islam, Konsep, dan Praktik Akad di Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. PT. Mafy Media Literasi Indonesia.

Handayani, D., Risma, A., & Septiandani, D. (2023). Kajian Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Mediasi Elektronik Di Era New Normal. DIH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 19(2), 110–121.

Hariyanto, E., Harisah, Hamzah, M., Faidi, A., & Umam, H. (2021a). Ash-Shulh As an Attempt of Sharia Microfinance Institutions To Solve Sharia Economic Disputes in Madura Society. Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 12(1), 275–293. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j.v12i2.13531

Hariyanto, E., Harisah, Hamzah, M., Faidi, A., & Umam, H. (2021b). Ash-Shulh As An Attempt Of Sharia Microfinance Institutions to Solve Sharia Economic Disputes In Madura Society. Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 12(2), 275–293. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j.v12i2.13531

Hasanudin, Kamsi, & Anshori, A. Y. (2024). The Contestation of Legal Foundations in the Resolution of Islamic Economic Disputes in Religious Courts. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 18(2), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11934

Herliana, H. (2023). Maqasid al-Sharia in Court-Mediation Reform: A Study on Efficiency and Social Justice in Medical Disputes. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah, 15(2), 214–229. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v15i2.23962

Kamaruddin, Iswandi, Yaqub, A., Mahfiana, L., & Akbar, M. (2023). Justice, Mediation, and Kalosara Custom of the Tolaki Community in Southeast Sulawesi from the Perspective of Islamic Law. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(2), 1077–1096. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.13183

Kamaruddin, Z., Oseni, U. A., & Abdul Manaf, Z. I. (2021). Implementing the E-Family Expert Model through a Legal Framework for Online Dispute Resolution. ICR Journal, 12(2), 235–248. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v12i2.863

Karjoko, L., Handayani, I. G. A. K. R., Jaelani, A. K., Barkhuizen, J., & Hayat, M. J. (2021). The Urgency of Restorative Justice on Medical Dispute Resolution in Indonesia. Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial, 16(2), 362–392. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-ihkam.V16I2.5314

Lamtana, & Mayditri, V. (2022). Penerapan Prinsip Syariah pada Akad Rahn di Lembaga Pegadaian Syariah. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, 10(2), 422–440. https://doi.org/10.47668/pkwu.v10i2.397

Mansor, A. M., Hak, N. A., & Soh@Yusoff, R. C. (2020). Online Mediation in The Malaysian Shariah Court: Its Benefits and Challenges. INSLA E-Proceedings, 3(1), 279–288.

Mansur, T. M., Muazzin, M., Abdullah, M. A., Ali, H., Usman, M. Bin, & Miranti, A. (2025). Mediating Tradition: The Role of Law Enforcement in Customary Law Disputes. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 13(2), 1183–1208. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i2.1921

Masrufah, Putra, M. A. Y., & Hidayat, M. F. (2025). Aṣ-Ṣulḥu Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa dalam Akad Ba’i as-Salam: Perspektif Imam Sayyid Sabiq. At-Tafakur: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Dan Hukum, 02(1), 84–104.

Miranti, A., Mansur, T. M., Sulaiman, S., & Jalil, F. (2022). Dispute Resolution Model for Granting Hareuta Peunulang through the Customary Court in Pidie Regency, Aceh Province. Al-Ahkam, 32(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.1.10932

Moore, C. W. (2014). The Mediation Process: Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Night, S., & Bananuka, J. (2020). The mediating role of adoption of an electronic tax system in the relationship between attitude towards electronic tax system and tax compliance. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 25(49), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-07-2018-0066

Nonet, P., & Selznick, P. (1978). Law and Society in Transition: Toward Responsive Law. Harper & Row.

Nur Amrin, R. (2023). Urgensi Penyelesaian Kasus Pertanahan Melalui Mediasi Elektronik Dalam Era Disrupsi. Jurnal Pertanahan, 13(1), 1–16.

Nurhasanah, N. (2023). Dualism of Non Litigation Dispute Settlement in Sharia Economics at Basyarnas and Alternatif Dispute Resolution Agencies. Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat, 23(2), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v23i2.14880

Oksana, M. (2021). Mediation as an Alternative Form of Dispute Resolution: Comparative-Legal Analysis. European Journal of Law and Public Administration, 7(2), 46–63. https://doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/7.2/126

Pang, M.-S., Kankanhalli, A., Aanestad, M., Ram, S., & Maruping, L. M. (2024). Digital technologies and the advancement of social justice: A framework and agenda. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 48(4), 1591–1610. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2024/484E3

Pirlotta, A. G., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2016). Design approaches to experimental mediation. HHS Public Access, 66(5), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.09.012

Rabinovich-Einy, O., & Katsh, E. (2017). Digital Justice: Technology and the Internet of Disputes. Oxford University Press.

Riyadi, S., Fauzan, M., Idamatussilmi, & Budiman, A. (2023). The Urgency of Establishing Constitutional Court Procedural Law. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 6(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i2.9607

Rizhan, A. (2020). Law Enforcement Korupsi Ditinjau Dari Teori Progresif, Responsif, dan Represif. Kodifikasi, 2(2), 118–132.

Sabiq, S. (1987). Fiqh al- Sunnah. Dar al- Fiqir.

Saepullah, U. (2022). Legal Certainty of Arbitration in The Settlement of Islamic Economic Civil Cases in The Perspective of Positive Law in Indonesia. Al-’Adalah, 19(2), 261–290. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v19i2.14384

Salam, S., & Marlina, A. (2021). Menguji Eksistensi Pengadilan Agama Dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law.

Salmiah, Husen, L. O., & Aswari, A. (2024). Efektivitas Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Mediasi Secara Elektronik Di Pengadilan Agama. Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP), 5(1), 260–275.

Sari, S. W. (2017). Mediasi Dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2016. Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 5(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21274/ahkam.2017.5.1.1-16

Sholihah, N. I., Zefri, S., Sari, S. D., & Nugroho, B. E. (2024). Peran Mediasi Elektronik dalam Meningkatkan Aksesibilitas dan Efisiensi Penyelesaian Perkara di Pengadilan Agama Kota Madiun. Proceeding of Conference on Law and Social Studies.

Singapore International Mediation Centre. (2021). SIMC Mediation Rules. SIMC.

Sugianto, F., Simeon, F. C., & Wibowo, D. P. (2020). Idealisasi Sifat Alternatif Dalam Penyelesaian Sebngketa Melalui Mediasi. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune, 3(28), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.30996/jhbbc.v3i2.3525

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Penerbit Alfabeta.

Sukindar, Kusnianto, H., Sarikun, Pasaribu, B. K., & Sahmat, M. S. bin. (2024). Legal Innovation in Religious Courts: The Potential Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Resolving Contemporary Cases. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 3(2), 388–410. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.8199

Sulistianingsih, D., Rante Lembang, A. A., Adhi, Y. P., & Prabowo, M. S. (2023). Online dispute resolution: Does the system actually enhance the mediation framework? Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2206348. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2206348

Sunggono, B. (2003). Metodelogi Penelitian Hukum. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Supriadi, S., & Ismawati, I. (2020). Implementasi Prinsip-Prinsip Perbankan Syariah untuk Mempertahankan Loyalitas Nasabah. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 3(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.30595/jhes.v0i0.7002

Susskind, R. (2019). Online Courts and the Future of Justice. Oxford University Press.

Swanson, T. C. (2021). Mediation: Alternative? Or a First Choice for Resolving Disputes. Amicus Curiae, 2(2), 151–168. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.14296/ac.v2i2.5251

Syafei, E. S., Habuddin, I., Asrizal, & Saputra, M. (2023). Mediation in Social Conflict Resolution At Tanjungpinang Malay Customary Institution, Riau Islands. Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 23(2), 198–214. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v23i2.1361

Syufaat, S. (2018). Penerapan Prosedur Mediasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Wakaf di Pengadilan Agama. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 1(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v1i1.1678

Talib, I. (2013). Bentuk Putusan Penyelesaian Sengketa Berdasarkan Mediasi. Lex Et Societatis, 1(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.35796/les.v1i1.1295

Taufiqurrohman Syahuri, & M. Reza Saputra. (2024). Penggunaan Teknologi Dalam Proses Peradilan Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Akses Keadilan (Acces To Justice). Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Politik Dan Hukum Indonesia, 1(3), 01–14. https://doi.org/10.62383/amandemen.v1i3.206

Thalib, P., Saleh Siregar, F., Wimboko, Ilias, I. I., & Wibisono, A. M. A. (2025). The Formulation of Islamic Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) To Achieve Shariah Economic Democratization. SYARIAH : Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 25(2), 257–274.

Tyler, T. R. (2006). Why People Obey the Law (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.

Usman, R. (2012). Mediasi di Pengadilan Dalam Teori dan Praktik. Sinar Grafika.

Wall, J. A., & Dunne, T. C. (2012). Mediation Research: A Current Review. Negotiation Journal, 28(2), 217–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2012.00336.x

Wang, D., Liu, J., Jia, R., Dou, W., Kumseranee, S., Punpruk, S., Li, X., & Gu, T. (2020). Distinguishing two different microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) mechanisms using an electron mediator and hydrogen evolution detection. Corrosion Science, 177, 108993. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108993

Wang, F., & Stahl, S. S. (2020). Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Molecules at Lower Overpotential: Accessing Broader Functional Group Compatibility with Electron−Proton Transfer Mediators. Accounts of Chemical Research, 53(3), 561–574. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00544

Yasardin, Y., Rahmaniah, A., & Rachmasari, A. I. (2025). Sharia Fintech Contract Architecture: Developing a Standardization Framework Based on the Convergence of Fiqh, Fatwas, and Judicial Decisions. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 25(2), 295–323. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v25i2.18275

Zuhdi, M. H. (2017). Prinsip-prinsip Akad Dalam Transaksi Ekonomi Islam. IqtIshaduna: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 8(2), 84–85. https://doi.org/10.20414/iqtishaduna.v8i1.403

Downloads

Published

2026-02-10

How to Cite

Hamzah, M., Hariyanto, E., Zahid, M., Haryanto, R., & Masrufah, M. (2026). The Transformation of Electronic Mediation: A Legal Innovation in the Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 25(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v25i1.15856

Issue

Section

Articles