Constitutionalizing Sharia: Identity and Independence of Islamic Politics Among Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.6954Keywords:
Aspiration for independence, Islamic Law, Religious Identity, Islamic High School (STAI)Abstract
The emergence of Islamic political aspirations in Indonesia always occurs along with the development of national politics. It is delivered not only by Islamic elites from Islamic parties and Islamic movements but also by university students. This study explores the Islamic political aspirations of Islamic High School (STAI) students with a focus on the basic issues of the state, Islamic law, political system (democracy/Islamic caliphate), and the way to deliver the aspirations. This is quantitative research in which the data were collected through a representative survey in each province involving 222 university students in the fifth semester in the provincial capital, as the samples were allocated disproportionately to each selected university. This quantitative study was strengthened by qualitative data that were extracted by interviewing the directors of STAI in Padang, Semarang, Jambi, Kupang, Banjarbaru, and Samarinda. The findings of this study showed that Islamic political aspiration among university students was about the aspiration to implement Islamic law as state law in the Islamic caliphate system. The university students did not want democracy as a political system that implements Islamic law. These Islamic political aspirations are not delivered through violence but are expressed constitutionally. This Islamic political aspiration is built by integralistic/conservative religious identity and political independence/autonomy of university students.
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Farmer, B. (2005). American Conservatism: History, Theory and Practice. Cambridge Scholar Press.
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Friedman, M. (2003). Autonomy, Gender, Politics. Oxford University Press.
Fuad, F. (2012). Islam dan Ideologi Pancasila, sebuah Dialektika. Lex Jurnalica, 9(3).
Gambetta, D. D., & Hertog, S. (2016). Engineers of Jihad: The Curious Connection between Violent Extremism and Education. Pricenton University Press.
Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.
Hart, C. (2012). Aspirations, Education and Social Justice: Applying Sen and Bourdieu. Bloomsbury.
Hart, C. (2016). How Do Aspirations Matter? Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540
Hossein, N. (2007). Shari’a and Constitutional Reform in Indonesia. ISEAS.
Ikhwan, H. (2018). Fitted Sharia in Democratizing Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2018.12.1.17-44
Khatab, S., & Bouma, G. D. (2007). Democracy in Islam. Routledge.
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Piscatory, J. P. (1986). Islam in a Word of Nation-States. Cambridge University Press.
Pratama, S., Hidayat, A., & Aisyah, P. (2019). Mendorong Reformasi Parlemen Melalui Kekuatan Civil Society di Indonesia. Journal of Political Issues, 1(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v1i1.6
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Rozi, A. B. (2015). Penerapan Syari’ah di Negara Modern (Analisis Ijtihad Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im). Al-Ihkam: Journal of Law and Social Institutions, 10(2). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v10i2.734
Ruslan, I. (2013). Membangun Harmoni Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara dengan Nilai Islam dalam Pancasila. Journal of TAPIS, 9(2). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.24042/tps.v9i2.1512
Sabir, M., & Nazaruddin. (2021). Manifestation of Sharia Regional Regulations in Managing Social Morality. Sharia Scientific Journal, 20(2). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.3276
Salim, A. (2008). Challenging the Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia. University of Hawai Press.
Salim, A., & Azra, A. (2003). Shari’a and Politics in Modern Indonesia. ISEAS.
Suma, M. A. (2020). The Implementation of Sharia in Aceh: Between the Ideal and Factual Achievements. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v20i1.14704
Syahbandir, M. (2022). State and Islamic Law: A Study of Legal Politics on Zakat as a Tax Deduction in Aceh. Ahkam: Journal of Sharia, 22(1). https://doi.org/: 10.15408/ajis.v22i1.26200
Syahnan, M., & Ja’far, M. I. (2021). Ulama and Radicalism in Contemporary Indonesia: Response of Al Washliyah’s Ulama on Radicalism. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v21i1.19684
Syarif, N. (2017). Sharia in Secular State the Place and Models for Practicing Islamic Law in Indonesia.
Thohir, A. (2009). Relasi Agama dan Negara. HMI Commissariat of FPBS IKIP PGRI.
Tibi, B. (2000). Ancaman Fundamentalisme: Rajutan Islam Politik dan Kekacauan Dunia Baru. Tiara Wacana.
Wahid, K. (2013). Sikap Keagamaan dan Potensi Radikalisme Agama Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Agama. Journal of Edukasia, 11(3).
Woodward, M. (2010). Muslim Education: Celebrating Islam and Having Fun as Counter-Radicalization Strategies in Indonesia. Perspectives on Terrorism, 4(4).
Zada, K. (2002). Islam Radikal: Pergulatan Ormas-ormas Islam Garis Keras di Indonesia (Teraju (ed.)).
Zada, K., & Irfan, M. N. (2021). Negotiating Sharia in the Secular State: A Case Study in France and Germany. Samarah: Journal of Family Law and Islamic Law, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9753
Interviews
Interview with Ma’ruf Rauf, Vice Director I of STIT Kupang, 20 December 2018 at STIT Kupang
Interview with Linda Suanti, Director II of STAIPIQ Padang, 19 December 2019.
Interview with Falak, a lecturer of STAI Semarang, 14 January 2019.
Interview with Arman, Director of STAI Al-Ma'arif Jambi, 24 December 2018.
Interview with Nurdiana, Vice Director III of STIT Kupang, 19 December 2018.
Interview with Nur Hayati, Vice Director of STAI Samarinda, 27 December 2018.
Interview with Diky Pranata Kusuma, Secretary of Study Program of STAI Al-Ma'arif Jambi, 24 December 2018.
Interview with Emmi Kholilah Harahap, a lecturer of STAI Al-Ma'arif Jambi, 24 December 2018.
Interview with Ramli a lecturer of STAI, Al-Falah Banjarbaru, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Imaniar Elfa Rahma, Director of Study Program of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education (PGMI) STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Masdar Limbong, a lecturer of STAI Al-Hikmah, Medan 26 December 2018.
Interview with Roni Hidayat Sapa, a student president of STAI Al-Hikmah, 27 December 2018.
Interview with Asep Saifullah, Secretary of BEM STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, Banjarmasin, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Ana Zuliyanti, Head of Public Relations, BEM STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, Banjarmasin, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Sukri Waliman, STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, Banjarmasin 27 December 2018.
Interview with Najahah Musyafak, lecture of STAI Semarang, 14 January 2019.
Afrianty, D. (2012). Islamic Education and Youth Extremism in Indonesia. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 7(2), 134–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2012.719095
Agustina, P. W., & Ratri, A. K. (2018). Analisis Tindak Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Kajian Teori Dan Praktik Kependidikan, 3(2).
Ahyar, M. (2015). Membaca Gerakan Islam Radikal dan Deradikalisasi Gerakan Islam. Walisongo: Journal of Religion-Social Research, 23(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21580/ws.23.1.220
Al-Mawdudi, & Abu, A.-A. (1980). al-Hukumah al-Islamiyah. al-Mukhtar al-Islami.
Binder, L. (1998). Islamic Liberalism: a Critique of Development Ideologies. The University of Chicago Press.
Buehler, M. (2013). Comparing Shari’a Politics in Two Indonesian Provinces. Comparative Politics, 1(1). https://doi.org/. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041513807709347
Clarke, P. (2009). The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Religion. Oxford University Press.
Effendy, B. (1998). Islam dan Negara: Transformasi Pemikiran dan Praktik Politik Islam di Indonesia. Paramadina.
Farmer, B. (2005). American Conservatism: History, Theory and Practice. Cambridge Scholar Press.
Finnemore, M., & Jurkovich, M. (2020). The Politics of Aspiration. International Studies Quarterly, 64(4), 759–769. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa052
Friedman, M. (2003). Autonomy, Gender, Politics. Oxford University Press.
Fuad, F. (2012). Islam dan Ideologi Pancasila, sebuah Dialektika. Lex Jurnalica, 9(3).
Gambetta, D. D., & Hertog, S. (2016). Engineers of Jihad: The Curious Connection between Violent Extremism and Education. Pricenton University Press.
Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.
Hart, C. (2012). Aspirations, Education and Social Justice: Applying Sen and Bourdieu. Bloomsbury.
Hart, C. (2016). How Do Aspirations Matter? Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540
Hossein, N. (2007). Shari’a and Constitutional Reform in Indonesia. ISEAS.
Ikhwan, H. (2018). Fitted Sharia in Democratizing Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2018.12.1.17-44
Khatab, S., & Bouma, G. D. (2007). Democracy in Islam. Routledge.
Kolig, E. (2005). Radical Islam, Islamic Fervor, and Political Sentiments in Central Java, Indonesia. European Journal of East Asian Studies, 4(1). http://www.jstor.org/stable/23615642.
Maula, B. S. (2014). Islamic Law in a Secular State: A Study of the Distinctiveness of Islamic Law in Indonesia. Journal of Sharia and Law, 48(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajish.2014.48.1.%25p
Mousalli, A. S. (19998). Islamic Fundamentalism: Myth and Realities. Ithaca Press.
Munabari. (2020). Islamic Revivalism in Indonesia: The Caliphate, Sharia, NKRI, Democracy, and the Nation-State. Political Journal, 5(2). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.7454/jp.v5i2.263
Munabari, F. (2018). The Quest for Sharia in Indonesia: The Mobilization Strategy of the Forum of Islamic Society. Cont Islam, 12, 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-018-0416-z
P. McLaughlin. (2012). Radicalism: A Philosophical Study. Palgrave Macmillan.
Piscatory, J. P. (1986). Islam in a Word of Nation-States. Cambridge University Press.
Pratama, S., Hidayat, A., & Aisyah, P. (2019). Mendorong Reformasi Parlemen Melalui Kekuatan Civil Society di Indonesia. Journal of Political Issues, 1(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v1i1.6
Roosevelt, K. I. (2012). Law’s Aspirations. Journal of Law & Interdisciplinary Studies. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1526
Rossides, D. W. (1998). Social Theory: Its Origins, History, and Contemporary Relevance. Generall Hall.
Rozi, A. B. (2015). Penerapan Syari’ah di Negara Modern (Analisis Ijtihad Pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im). Al-Ihkam: Journal of Law and Social Institutions, 10(2). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v10i2.734
Ruslan, I. (2013). Membangun Harmoni Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara dengan Nilai Islam dalam Pancasila. Journal of TAPIS, 9(2). https://doi.org/doi.org/10.24042/tps.v9i2.1512
Sabir, M., & Nazaruddin. (2021). Manifestation of Sharia Regional Regulations in Managing Social Morality. Sharia Scientific Journal, 20(2). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.3276
Salim, A. (2008). Challenging the Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia. University of Hawai Press.
Salim, A., & Azra, A. (2003). Shari’a and Politics in Modern Indonesia. ISEAS.
Suma, M. A. (2020). The Implementation of Sharia in Aceh: Between the Ideal and Factual Achievements. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v20i1.14704
Syahbandir, M. (2022). State and Islamic Law: A Study of Legal Politics on Zakat as a Tax Deduction in Aceh. Ahkam: Journal of Sharia, 22(1). https://doi.org/: 10.15408/ajis.v22i1.26200
Syahnan, M., & Ja’far, M. I. (2021). Ulama and Radicalism in Contemporary Indonesia: Response of Al Washliyah’s Ulama on Radicalism. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v21i1.19684
Syarif, N. (2017). Sharia in Secular State the Place and Models for Practicing Islamic Law in Indonesia.
Thohir, A. (2009). Relasi Agama dan Negara. HMI Commissariat of FPBS IKIP PGRI.
Tibi, B. (2000). Ancaman Fundamentalisme: Rajutan Islam Politik dan Kekacauan Dunia Baru. Tiara Wacana.
Wahid, K. (2013). Sikap Keagamaan dan Potensi Radikalisme Agama Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Agama. Journal of Edukasia, 11(3).
Woodward, M. (2010). Muslim Education: Celebrating Islam and Having Fun as Counter-Radicalization Strategies in Indonesia. Perspectives on Terrorism, 4(4).
Zada, K. (2002). Islam Radikal: Pergulatan Ormas-ormas Islam Garis Keras di Indonesia (Teraju (ed.)).
Zada, K., & Irfan, M. N. (2021). Negotiating Sharia in the Secular State: A Case Study in France and Germany. Samarah: Journal of Family Law and Islamic Law, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9753
Interviews
Interview with Ma’ruf Rauf, Vice Director I of STIT Kupang, 20 December 2018 at STIT Kupang
Interview with Linda Suanti, Director II of STAIPIQ Padang, 19 December 2019.
Interview with Falak, a lecturer of STAI Semarang, 14 January 2019.
Interview with Arman, Director of STAI Al-Ma'arif Jambi, 24 December 2018.
Interview with Nurdiana, Vice Director III of STIT Kupang, 19 December 2018.
Interview with Nur Hayati, Vice Director of STAI Samarinda, 27 December 2018.
Interview with Diky Pranata Kusuma, Secretary of Study Program of STAI Al-Ma'arif Jambi, 24 December 2018.
Interview with Emmi Kholilah Harahap, a lecturer of STAI Al-Ma'arif Jambi, 24 December 2018.
Interview with Ramli a lecturer of STAI, Al-Falah Banjarbaru, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Imaniar Elfa Rahma, Director of Study Program of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education (PGMI) STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Masdar Limbong, a lecturer of STAI Al-Hikmah, Medan 26 December 2018.
Interview with Roni Hidayat Sapa, a student president of STAI Al-Hikmah, 27 December 2018.
Interview with Asep Saifullah, Secretary of BEM STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, Banjarmasin, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Ana Zuliyanti, Head of Public Relations, BEM STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, Banjarmasin, 20 December 2018.
Interview with Sukri Waliman, STAI Al-Falah Banjarbaru, Banjarmasin 27 December 2018.
Interview with Najahah Musyafak, lecture of STAI Semarang, 14 January 2019.
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Published
2022-12-30
How to Cite
Zada, K., Suparta, M., Ruswadi, B., Dahri, H., & Sahid, M. M. (2022). Constitutionalizing Sharia: Identity and Independence of Islamic Politics Among Students. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 21(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.6954
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