Violation of Human Right for Collateral Fraud in Sharia Financial Institution Based on Fiduciary Guaranty Law and Rahn Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i1.9157Keywords:
Collateral Fraud, Ijarah Multijasa, Fiduciary Agreement, Property Rights Violations, Rahn TasjilyAbstract
Fiduciary law in Indonesia and the Islamic concept prohibit the use of collateral that is not oneÔÇÖs own and without the authorization of the owner, but the reality that occurs at BMT BM is not the case. This research aims to analyze the practice of using objects on behalf of others as collateral for ijarah multijasa financing in sharia financial institutions from the perspective of Fiduciary Guarantee Law and Rahn Law. This research is a field study with a legal approach. The empirical results show that although it has been regulated in the law, the use of objects that are not owned and without the permission of the owner as collateral still occurs. There is a way to circumvent the rules, particularly when it comes to the creditorÔÇÖs obligation to register fiduciary objects but reluctance to do so. As a result, protecting third parties is not achieved. The findings indicate that, to ensure that the partiesÔÇÖ rights are still protected, the government must create a legislation on fiduciary that will take into account debtors with tiny nominal debts who feel burdened by the costs of registering fiduciary objects, as was the case in BMT BM.
References
Agustina, A. (2022). Analisis terhadap Perjanjian Kredit dengan Jaminan Hak atas Tanah Milik orang lain dan Kaitannya dengan Uatng Debitor yang Wanprestasi (Studi Putusan Pengadilan No. 134/Pdt.G/2020/Pn. Skt). -047 PDT 2022. Universitas Diponegoro.
Al-Jazairi, A. (1993). Fiqh ‘Ala Madzahibul Arba’ah Juz II (II). Darul Ihya At-Turats Al-Arabi,.
Al-Zuhaili, W. (2005). al-Fiqih al-Islami wa Adillatuh. Daar Al-Fikr.
Anwar, S. (2007). Hukum Perjanjian Syariah: Studi tentang Teori Akad dalam Fikih Muamalat. PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
As-Sa’di, A. bin N. (2003). Taisir Karim Ar-Rahman fi Tafsir kalam Al-Manan. Jam’iyyah Ihya At-Turats Al-Islami.
As-Sabiq, S. (1995). Al-Fiqh As-Sunnah. Daar Al-Fikr.
Asy-Syaukani, M. (1999). Nailul Authar Juz III (III). Darul Kalam Ath-Thayib.
Badriyah, S. M., Suharto, R., Susilowati, E., & Allam, M. H. F. (2019). Execution Of Fiducia Guarantee In Government Pawnshop Companies In Semarang City. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(4), 4196–4200. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d7776.118419
Cahyani, Y. T. (2018). Konsep Fee Based Services dalam Perbankan Syariah. El-Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 1(2), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.21154/elbarka.v1i2.1397
Capponi, A., Cheng, W.-S. A., Giglio, S., & Haynes, R. (2022). The collateral rule: Evidence from the credit default swap market. Journal of Monetary Economics, 126, 58–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.12.003
DSN-MUI. (2000a). Fatwa Dewan Syari’ah Nasional No: 11/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 Tentang Kafalah. In MUI.
DSN-MUI. (2000b). Fatwa DSN NO: 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang Pembiayaan Ijarah. In Himpunan Fatwa DSN MUI.
DSN-MUI. (2004). Fatwa DSN-MUI N0.44/DSN-MUI/VII/2004 tentang Pembiayaan Multijasa. In MUI (Issue 44).
DSN-MUI. (2008). Fatwa DSN No. 68/DSN-MUI/III/2008 Tentang Rahn Tasjily.
Elimartati, Sakti, M. R. P., Utamy, H. R., & Rifmadani, U. A. (2021). Determination of The Ujrah of Gold Paid Goods at Mandiri Sharia Bank (BSM) Batusangkar. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 20(2), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.4686
Fedro, A., Lahuri, S. Bin, & Ghozali, M. (2019). Legal Analysis on the Fatwa of Sharia National Council on Rahn: Between Legal Philosophy and Its Implementation in Indonesian Sharia Pawnshop. Mazahib, 18(1), 76–116. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i1.1365
Fq. (2022). Personal Interview. BMT BIMA.
Gunawan, E. (2009). Pengakuan Hutang dengan Pembebanan Jaminan Fidusia Benda Milik Orang Lain pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Cabang Situbondo. Universitas Jember.
Hadinata, R. A. (2021). Legal Consequences for Creditors Caused by Forced Withdrawal of Fiduciary Objects. Norma, 18(2), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.30742/nlj.v18i2.1588
Hasanudin, H., & Yaqin, A. (2019). The Transformation of Ijârah: from Fiqh to Syariah Banking Products. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 14(1), 72–98. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.1893
Hb. (2022). Personal Interview.
Heriawanto, B. K. (2019). Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia Berdasarkan Title Eksekutorial. Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 27(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v27i1.8958
Hermansyah. (2007). Hukum Perbankan Nasional Indonesia. Kencana Perdana Media Grup.
Hu, J., Low, K. F. K., & Zhang, W. (2022). The value of fiduciary duties: Evidence from en bloc sales in Singapore. International Review of Law and Economics, 72, 106093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2022.106093
Ida, A., Nofrial, R., Anatami, D., Rahadian, R., & Thaib, M. (2020). Legal Protection of Creditors and Debtors through Fiduciary Security Registration. IJRR: International Journal of Research and Review, 7(8), 352–360.
Ifham, A. (2015). Ini Lho Bank Syariah: Memahami Bank Syariah dengan Mudah. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kang, K. Y. (2021). Optimal contract for asset trades: Collateralizing or selling? Journal of Financial Markets, 56, 100590. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FINMAR.2020.100590
Lazwardi, M. (2018). Wanprestasi dalam Akad Pembiayaan Ijarah Multijasa (Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga No. 1721/Pdt.G/2013/PA.Pbg). RechtIdee, 13(2), 139–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v13i2.4061
Lestari, K. C. D., Budiartha, I. N. P., & Ujianti, N. M. P. (2020). Hilangnya Objek Jaminan Fidusia yang Tidak Didaftarkan. Jurnal Analogi Hukum, 2(3), 383–387. https://doi.org/10.22225/ah.2.3.2502.383-387
Liono, C. E. F. (2021). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Penarikan Barang Jaminan Fidusia Secara Paksa Oleh Leasing Melalui Debt Collector Yang Ditinjau Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia. Lex Privatum, IX(1), 71–78. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/32046
Mann, W. (2018). Creditor rights and innovation: Evidence from patent collateral. Journal of Financial Economics, 130(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.07.001
Mashdurohatun, A. (2021). Development of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprices Intellectual Property Rights as Fiducia Guarantee Object in Credit Agreement in Banking Institutions in Indonesia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(3), 1318–1329. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.903
Mubarak, J., & Hasanudin. (2017). Fikih Mu’amalah Maliyyah: Akad Ijarah dan Ju’alah. Simbiosa Rekatama.
Mubarrak, H. (2018). Developing BMT as a loss-profit sharing-based microfinance: an Indonesian experience. Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 18(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v18i2.137-152
Nyström, J., Nilsson, J.-E., & Lind, H. (2016). Degrees of freedom and innovations in construction contracts. Transport Policy, 47, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.01.004
Prasetya, T., Sanusi, S., & Jafar, M. (2019). Akibat Hukum Pelanggaran Ketentuan Dalam Pendaftaran Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 7(3), 495. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v7i3.666
Riansyah, C. A., Atsar, A., & Kurniati, G. (2020). Jaminan Fidusia yang tidak didaftarkan dan Eksekusinya. Singaperbangsa Law Review, 1(1), 38–65.
Rufaida, K. K., & Sacipto, R. (2019). Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia tanpa Titel Eksekutorial yang Sah. Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2019.v4.i1.p21-40
Sahputra, S. (2020). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pengalihan Benda Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Perjanjian Kredit. JURNAL ILMIAH ADVOKASI, 8(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.36987/jiad.v8i1.1650
Said, S. H. (2004). Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Sanusi, S. (2017). Legal Protection of the Creditor on Fiduciary Guarantee Objects Unlisted in The Fiduciary Registration Office. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, 1(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v1i1.1636
Sjahdeini, S. R. (2000). Hukum Kepailitan, Memahami Fallissementsverordening Juncto Undang-Undang No.4 Tahun 1998. Grafiti.
Soemitra, A. (2019). Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dan Fiqih Muamalah di Lembaga Keuangan dan Bisnis Kontemporer. Kencana.
Sriono, S. (2019). Tanggung Jawab Pemberi Fidusia terhadap Benda Jaminan Fidusia dalam Perjanjian Kredit. Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi, 7(2), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.36987/jiad.v7i2.1563
Subekti. (1978). Jaminan-Jaminan untuk Pemberian Kredit Menurut Hukum Indonesia. Alumni.
Syafe’i, R. (2004). Fiqh Muamalah. Pustaka Setia.
Tektona, R. I., Susanti, D. O., & Septianto, D. H. (2020). The Act Protection for Islamic Banks in Financing Land and Rubber Plantation Ownership. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 4(1), 209. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i1.6880
Wijaya, H. T. (2020). Akibat Hukum Atas Penyitaan Obyek Jaminan Fidusia Yang Tidak Didaftarkan. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune, 3(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.30996/jhbbc.v3i1.3039
Winarsih, P. A. (2020). Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. CV. Jakad Media Publising.
Yahya, A., Yusri, Y., Adwani, A., Adli, M., & Jafar, M. (2023). Legal Study of Building Sharia-based Investment in Aceh: The Challenges After the Enactment of the Qanun of Sharia Financial Institution. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(2), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.17653
Al-Jazairi, A. (1993). Fiqh ‘Ala Madzahibul Arba’ah Juz II (II). Darul Ihya At-Turats Al-Arabi,.
Al-Zuhaili, W. (2005). al-Fiqih al-Islami wa Adillatuh. Daar Al-Fikr.
Anwar, S. (2007). Hukum Perjanjian Syariah: Studi tentang Teori Akad dalam Fikih Muamalat. PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
As-Sa’di, A. bin N. (2003). Taisir Karim Ar-Rahman fi Tafsir kalam Al-Manan. Jam’iyyah Ihya At-Turats Al-Islami.
As-Sabiq, S. (1995). Al-Fiqh As-Sunnah. Daar Al-Fikr.
Asy-Syaukani, M. (1999). Nailul Authar Juz III (III). Darul Kalam Ath-Thayib.
Badriyah, S. M., Suharto, R., Susilowati, E., & Allam, M. H. F. (2019). Execution Of Fiducia Guarantee In Government Pawnshop Companies In Semarang City. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(4), 4196–4200. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d7776.118419
Cahyani, Y. T. (2018). Konsep Fee Based Services dalam Perbankan Syariah. El-Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 1(2), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.21154/elbarka.v1i2.1397
Capponi, A., Cheng, W.-S. A., Giglio, S., & Haynes, R. (2022). The collateral rule: Evidence from the credit default swap market. Journal of Monetary Economics, 126, 58–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2021.12.003
DSN-MUI. (2000a). Fatwa Dewan Syari’ah Nasional No: 11/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 Tentang Kafalah. In MUI.
DSN-MUI. (2000b). Fatwa DSN NO: 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang Pembiayaan Ijarah. In Himpunan Fatwa DSN MUI.
DSN-MUI. (2004). Fatwa DSN-MUI N0.44/DSN-MUI/VII/2004 tentang Pembiayaan Multijasa. In MUI (Issue 44).
DSN-MUI. (2008). Fatwa DSN No. 68/DSN-MUI/III/2008 Tentang Rahn Tasjily.
Elimartati, Sakti, M. R. P., Utamy, H. R., & Rifmadani, U. A. (2021). Determination of The Ujrah of Gold Paid Goods at Mandiri Sharia Bank (BSM) Batusangkar. Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah, 20(2), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.4686
Fedro, A., Lahuri, S. Bin, & Ghozali, M. (2019). Legal Analysis on the Fatwa of Sharia National Council on Rahn: Between Legal Philosophy and Its Implementation in Indonesian Sharia Pawnshop. Mazahib, 18(1), 76–116. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i1.1365
Fq. (2022). Personal Interview. BMT BIMA.
Gunawan, E. (2009). Pengakuan Hutang dengan Pembebanan Jaminan Fidusia Benda Milik Orang Lain pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Cabang Situbondo. Universitas Jember.
Hadinata, R. A. (2021). Legal Consequences for Creditors Caused by Forced Withdrawal of Fiduciary Objects. Norma, 18(2), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.30742/nlj.v18i2.1588
Hasanudin, H., & Yaqin, A. (2019). The Transformation of Ijârah: from Fiqh to Syariah Banking Products. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 14(1), 72–98. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v14i1.1893
Hb. (2022). Personal Interview.
Heriawanto, B. K. (2019). Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia Berdasarkan Title Eksekutorial. Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 27(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v27i1.8958
Hermansyah. (2007). Hukum Perbankan Nasional Indonesia. Kencana Perdana Media Grup.
Hu, J., Low, K. F. K., & Zhang, W. (2022). The value of fiduciary duties: Evidence from en bloc sales in Singapore. International Review of Law and Economics, 72, 106093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2022.106093
Ida, A., Nofrial, R., Anatami, D., Rahadian, R., & Thaib, M. (2020). Legal Protection of Creditors and Debtors through Fiduciary Security Registration. IJRR: International Journal of Research and Review, 7(8), 352–360.
Ifham, A. (2015). Ini Lho Bank Syariah: Memahami Bank Syariah dengan Mudah. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kang, K. Y. (2021). Optimal contract for asset trades: Collateralizing or selling? Journal of Financial Markets, 56, 100590. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FINMAR.2020.100590
Lazwardi, M. (2018). Wanprestasi dalam Akad Pembiayaan Ijarah Multijasa (Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga No. 1721/Pdt.G/2013/PA.Pbg). RechtIdee, 13(2), 139–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v13i2.4061
Lestari, K. C. D., Budiartha, I. N. P., & Ujianti, N. M. P. (2020). Hilangnya Objek Jaminan Fidusia yang Tidak Didaftarkan. Jurnal Analogi Hukum, 2(3), 383–387. https://doi.org/10.22225/ah.2.3.2502.383-387
Liono, C. E. F. (2021). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Penarikan Barang Jaminan Fidusia Secara Paksa Oleh Leasing Melalui Debt Collector Yang Ditinjau Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia. Lex Privatum, IX(1), 71–78. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/32046
Mann, W. (2018). Creditor rights and innovation: Evidence from patent collateral. Journal of Financial Economics, 130(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.07.001
Mashdurohatun, A. (2021). Development of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprices Intellectual Property Rights as Fiducia Guarantee Object in Credit Agreement in Banking Institutions in Indonesia. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(3), 1318–1329. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.903
Mubarak, J., & Hasanudin. (2017). Fikih Mu’amalah Maliyyah: Akad Ijarah dan Ju’alah. Simbiosa Rekatama.
Mubarrak, H. (2018). Developing BMT as a loss-profit sharing-based microfinance: an Indonesian experience. Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 18(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v18i2.137-152
Nyström, J., Nilsson, J.-E., & Lind, H. (2016). Degrees of freedom and innovations in construction contracts. Transport Policy, 47, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.01.004
Prasetya, T., Sanusi, S., & Jafar, M. (2019). Akibat Hukum Pelanggaran Ketentuan Dalam Pendaftaran Sertifikat Jaminan Fidusia. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 7(3), 495. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v7i3.666
Riansyah, C. A., Atsar, A., & Kurniati, G. (2020). Jaminan Fidusia yang tidak didaftarkan dan Eksekusinya. Singaperbangsa Law Review, 1(1), 38–65.
Rufaida, K. K., & Sacipto, R. (2019). Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia tanpa Titel Eksekutorial yang Sah. Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2019.v4.i1.p21-40
Sahputra, S. (2020). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pengalihan Benda Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Perjanjian Kredit. JURNAL ILMIAH ADVOKASI, 8(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.36987/jiad.v8i1.1650
Said, S. H. (2004). Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Sanusi, S. (2017). Legal Protection of the Creditor on Fiduciary Guarantee Objects Unlisted in The Fiduciary Registration Office. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, 1(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v1i1.1636
Sjahdeini, S. R. (2000). Hukum Kepailitan, Memahami Fallissementsverordening Juncto Undang-Undang No.4 Tahun 1998. Grafiti.
Soemitra, A. (2019). Hukum Ekonomi Syariah dan Fiqih Muamalah di Lembaga Keuangan dan Bisnis Kontemporer. Kencana.
Sriono, S. (2019). Tanggung Jawab Pemberi Fidusia terhadap Benda Jaminan Fidusia dalam Perjanjian Kredit. Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi, 7(2), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.36987/jiad.v7i2.1563
Subekti. (1978). Jaminan-Jaminan untuk Pemberian Kredit Menurut Hukum Indonesia. Alumni.
Syafe’i, R. (2004). Fiqh Muamalah. Pustaka Setia.
Tektona, R. I., Susanti, D. O., & Septianto, D. H. (2020). The Act Protection for Islamic Banks in Financing Land and Rubber Plantation Ownership. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 4(1), 209. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v4i1.6880
Wijaya, H. T. (2020). Akibat Hukum Atas Penyitaan Obyek Jaminan Fidusia Yang Tidak Didaftarkan. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune, 3(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.30996/jhbbc.v3i1.3039
Winarsih, P. A. (2020). Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. CV. Jakad Media Publising.
Yahya, A., Yusri, Y., Adwani, A., Adli, M., & Jafar, M. (2023). Legal Study of Building Sharia-based Investment in Aceh: The Challenges After the Enactment of the Qanun of Sharia Financial Institution. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(2), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.17653
Downloads
Published
2023-06-15
How to Cite
Sriani, E., Hasan, F., & Ma’mun, S. (2023). Violation of Human Right for Collateral Fraud in Sharia Financial Institution Based on Fiduciary Guaranty Law and Rahn Law. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 22(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i1.9157
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Endang Sriani, Farid Hasan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
