Qiwamah Challenges in Fatherless Muslim Households
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v7i01.16689Abstract
The phenomenon of fatherlessness in modern Muslim families, particularly among commuter fathers in Desa Kesuma, Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia, warrants scrutiny under Islamic family law. Fathers employed as palm oil plantation drivers reside far from home, curtailing daily interactions and paternal roles. This study analyzes the factors prompting such decisions, their effects on family dynamics, and fiqh al-munakahat implications. Adopting a qualitative field research design, primary data were derived from semi-structured interviews and observations with 15 commuter fathers, 15 mothers, and 15 children. Secondary data included inputs from parents-in-law and the village head. Data analysis followed Miles and Huberman's framework: reduction, display, and verification via source triangulation. Key findings identify internal drivers (limited education and skills) and external ones (economic pressures and lucrative opportunities). Positively, commuter work fulfills nafaqah obligations; negatively, it weakens tarbiyah, emotional bonds, and child education. From a Sharia viewpoint, this constitutes a valid hajjah (necessity), permissible if non-material rights such as moral upbringing and supervision are secured through familial consensus and qiwamah principles. This research advances discourse on reconciling economic hajjah with Islamic family responsibilities in agrarian communities.
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