The Interface of Maqashid al-Shariah with Human Cognitive Capacity and AI Innovation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v6i03.15987Abstrak
Human innovation in the form of increasingly advanced and intelligent technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), has raised new challenges particularly for the Muslim community. One such issue concerns the role of reason (ʿaql) as a primary instrument inherent in human beings and as a central component in understanding and applying Islamic law (shariʿah). Maqoshid al-shariʿah, as explained in Islamic legal theory, aims to safeguard and promote the welfare (mashlaḥah) of humanity. This welfare is manifested through ḥikmah (wisdom), one of whose core principles is the preservation of intellect (hifz al-ʿaql). Therefore, this study seeks to elaborate on the principle of hifz al-ʿaql in relation to the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the understanding and application of Islamic teachings. Using a qualitative approach and literature study, this research explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is positioned within the framework of Islamic values whether as a tool that promotes welfare or as a potential threat to the authority and responsibility of human reasoning. The findings indicate that Artificial Intelligence (AI) cannot replace the function of human reason in the realm of shariʿah, as it lacks will, intention, and moral accountability. However, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can serve as a medium or intermediary that assists in understanding, deriving, and implementing legal rulings, provided that its use is guided and supervised by the dynamic principles of maqoṣhid al-shariʿah. Hence, maqoshid al-shariʿah serves as a foundational framework to regulate and direct the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in a manner that aligns with the welfare objectives defined by Islamic law. In conclusion, the relationship between the protection of human intellectual capacity (ḥifẓ al-ʿaql) and the sophistication of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be harmonized through a strong grounding in maqoshid al-shariʿah.
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