Kajian Teoritis tentang Visualisasi Spasial Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Bidang Ruang
Keywords:
geometry; mathematics learning; solid geometry; spatial visualization; Van Hiele modelAbstract
Spatial visualization is a fundamental ability that determines student success in understanding solid geometry. However, in reality, this ability is still relatively low among Indonesian students. This article aims to theoretically examine the conditions, components, influencing factors, and effective learning approaches for developing students' spatial visualization abilities in solid geometry learning. The method used is a systematic literature review of eight national journals published between 2020 and 2025. The results show: (1) students' spatial visualization ability is weakest in the components of spatial perception, spatial visualization, and mental rotation; (2) influencing factors include learning styles, self-efficacy, teaching methods, and gender; (3) the Van Hiele learning model assisted by virtual media has proven to be the most effective in improving spatial ability. This study proposes a three-pillar framework for holistic spatial visualization development: structured pedagogy, dynamic media, and student affective development.
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