Digital Transformation of Sharia International Business: Conceptual Synthesis of Financial Inclusion, Global Governance, and the New Paradigm Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah
Keywords:
Digital Transformation, Financial Inclusion, Global Governance, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ahAbstract
Digital transformation has changed the international business landscape, including the development of sharia business and finance which is marked by the increasingly widespread use of fintech, blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and other digital technologies. This research aims to analyze the development of digital transformation in international sharia business and formulate a conceptual framework that integrates financial inclusion, global governance, digital technology, and Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. The research used a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) referring to the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Literature was searched via Scopus and Google Scholar with a publication range of 2021–2026, then selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the initial 384 documents, after the process of deduplication, screening, and full-text review, 30 articles were obtained which were analyzed through thematic synthesis. The synthesis results show three main clusters, namely the acceleration of sharia fintech and financial inclusion, the use of blockchain and AI in global Islamic economic governance, and the implementation of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah in digital systems. Based on this synthesis, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah can be operationalized as an ethical basis for the development of Shariah by Design, especially in protecting transaction integrity, data privacy and security, as well as protecting and transparency in asset management. This research contributes to the development of a conceptual framework for the digital transformation of sharia international business which places technological innovation not only as an instrument of efficiency and competitiveness, but also as a means of strengthening inclusion, governance, transparency and economic benefit.
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