The Role of Intelligence of the Heart in the Idea of Islamic Universalism According to Sufi Psychology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/jeh.v10i1.14190Keywords:
Intelligence Of The Heart, Universalism From The Sufis As An EsotericAbstract
Islamic universalism is a theme that is considered important to discuss in research, especially in responding to the phenomenon of conflictual relationships that often occur in society today. The concept of Islam as rahmatan lil 'alamin seems to not be well understood by the majority of Muslims, so they are easily provoked by SARA issues that lead to blasphemy and acts of violence. Through this research, it is hoped that it will be able to build an understanding of Islam that is pluralistic and inclusive-universal. This research attempts to convince the argument that intelligence of the heart plays a very important role in the idea of Islamic universalism. Islamic universalism will only be a conceptual doctrine that cannot be internalized more deeply without being supported by an understanding that comes from intelligence of the heart. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the idea of Islamic universalism from the Sufis as an esoteric Islamic school based on the power of the heart (intelligence of the heart). This research is more qualitative in nature using a library research approach. This means that the data needed in this study relies more on library sources, both in the form of books, articles and journals. Synthesis of various literature sources produces a new understanding that the intelligence of the heart has an important meaning in the idea of Islamic universalism. Without involving the dimension of the intelligence of the heart as practiced by the Sufis, the idea of Islamic universalism is only a sterile conceptual doctrine, which is unable to provide awareness and understanding of friendly Islam.
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Schwartz, Stephen (2008), The Other Islam: Sufism and the Road to Global Harmony, New York: Doubleday.
Schuon, Frithjof (2002), Roots of the Human Condition, “Outline of the Islamic Message” (Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, p. 81
Schuon, Frithjof (2007), Spiritual Perspectives and Human Facts, “Contours of the Spirit” Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom.
Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2002), Sufi Perspectives on the Universality of the Qur'anic Message, in J. Cutsinger (ed.), Paths to the Heart: Sufism and the Christian East, (Bloomington: World Wisdom
Siddiqui, Sameena Hasan (2018), Wahdat ul-Wujūd, in Zayn R. Kassam, Yudit Kornberg Greenberg, Jehan Bagli, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3]
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Weidner, Stefan (2016), Lifting the lid, Qantara.de, 01.09.; https://qantara.de/en/article/sufism-lifting-lid
Akbar, Ali (2016), Looking at Ibn ‘Arabi’s Notion of Wahdat al-Wujud as a Basis for Plural Path to God, Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture June, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 45-51; https://jisc.thebrpi.org/journals/jisc/Vol_4_No_1_June_2016/6.pdf
Ali, Yunasril (2015), Sufisme dan Pluralisme. Memahami hakikat agama dan relasi agama-agama, Jakarta : Elex Media Komputindo
Arif, S. (2002). Sufi Epistemology: Ibn ’Arabi on Knowledge (’Ilm). Afkar: Jurnal Akidah &Amp; Pemikiran Islam, 3(1), 81–94. https://philpapers.org/archive/ARISEI.pdf
‘Arabi, Muhy al-Din Ibn, (2015), Fusus Al-Hikam: An Annotated Translation of "The Bezels of Wisdom", translation by Binyamin Abrahamov, New York: Routledge
-----, (1997), Kernel of the Kernel: Ismail Hakki Bursevi’s Translation (Chisholme House, Roberton, nr. Hawick, Scotland: Beshara Publications, p. 1
------, (1978) The Tar juman al-‘Ashwaq, translated by Nicholson (London: Theosophical Publishing House Ltd.
Attar, Farid ud-Din, Muslim Saints and Mystics. Diterjemahkan oleh A.J. Arberry. Londres: Roudedge & Kegan Paul, 1966
Bagus, Lorens. 2005. Kamus Filsafat. Jakarta: Gramedia
Benlabbah, Fatiha (2023), The Idea of Human Unity in Ibn Arabi and Ramon Llull, European Intitute of Mediterranian, https://www.iemed.org/publication/the-idea-of-human-unity-in-ibn-arabi-and-ramon-llull/#:~:text=In%20contrast%20to%20Ramon%20Llull,all%20that%20is%20true%20in;
https://www.iemed.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/The-Idea-of-Human-Unity-.pdf
Brehmer, Marian (2016), Interview with Mevlevi sheikh Kabir Helminski: Sufism and the power to transform, Qantara.de, 20.10. https://qantara.de/en/article/interview-mevlevi-sheikh-kabir-helminski-sufism-and-power-transform
Chittick, William C. (2006), Ibn ‘Arabī on the Benefit of Knowledge, in Seyyed Hossein Nasr & Katherine O’Brien (ed.), The Essential Sophia, Blomingtom, Indiana, World Wisdom, Inc.
Chittick, William C. (2019), Wahdat Al-Wujud, Enciclopedia.com, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/wahdat-al-wujud
Chittick, William (2004), The Central Point, Qunawi’s Role in the School of Ibn 'Arabi, Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn ʿArabi Society, Vol. 35, http://www.williamcchittick.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/The-Central-Point.pdf
Clark, Jane (2005), Universal Meanings in Ibn ‘Arabī’s Fusūs al-hikam, Some Comments on the Chapter of Moses, Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society, Vol. XXXVIII]; https://ibnarabisociety.org/universal-meanings-in-the-fusus-al-hikam-jane-clark/
Corbin H. dan Manheim R. (1969), Creative Imagination in the Sufism of lbn Arabi. (New York: Princeton University Press
Faylasuf, Salman Akif (2023), Islam Di Antara Universal dan Partikularisme, Kalimah Sawa, Jumat, November 10, 2023; https://kalimahsawa.id/islam-di-antara-universal-dan-partikularisme/
Haque, Wahedul (2019), Physical Heart Vs Spiritual Heart, New Experience, March 31, https://wahedul.wordpress.com/2019/03/31/physical-heart-vs-spiritual-heart/
Hirtenstein, Stephen (2010), The Mystic’s Kaʿba, The cubic wisdom of the Heart according to Ibn ʿArabī). the Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society, Volume 48, https://ibnarabisociety.org/cubic-wisdom-of-the-heart-stephen-hirtenstein/
Kakaie, Ghasem, (2019) Interreligious Dialogue: Ibn ‘Arabi and Meister Eckhart. The Muhyuddin Ibn Arabi Society, Volume 45 https://ibnarabisociety.org/articles/]
Laude, Patrick (2011), Universal Dimensions of Islam: Studies in Comparative Religion, Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom, Inc
Laude, Patrick (2010), Pathways to an inner Islam : Massignon, Corbin, Guénon, and Schuon, New York: State University of New York Press, Albany]
Lewis, Charlton, T. & Short, Charles (1958), Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brother Publisher
Lipton, G.A. (2018), Rethinking Ibn 'Arabi, New York: Oxford University Press
Madjid, Nurcholish (2002), Universalisme Agama dan Kenisbian Peradaban, dalam M Dawam Rahardjo, Ensiklopedi Al-Quran, Tafsir Sosial Berdasarkan Konsep-konsep Kunci, Jakarta: Paramadina
Mende, Claudia (2019), Ibn Arabi's vision for a fully human global civilisation, Qantara.de, 21.12. https://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-james-morris-ibn-arabis-vision-for-a-fully-human-global-civilisation?nopaging=1&qt-nodes_popularity=0].
Morris, James Winston (2005), The Reflective Heart: Discovering Spiritual Intelligence in Ibn ‘Arabi’s ‘Meccan Illuminations’, KY: Fons Vitae
Nasr, S. Hossain (2000), Ideals and Realities of Islam, Chicago : ABC International Group, Inc]
-----, (1964), Three Muslims Sages: Avicena-Suhrawardi-Ibn ‘Arabi, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
-----, (1989), Knowledge and the Sacred, (State University of New York Press,
-----, (1972), Sufi Essays, London: Geoge Allen and Unwin Ltd.
Nicholson, (1966) The Mystics of Islam (London: Routledge and Keagan Paul Ltd.
Noer, Kautsar Azhari (2008), The Encompassing Heart Unified Vision for a Unified World, Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, 43, https://ibnarabisociety.org/the-encompassing-heart-kautsar-noer/
Philippon, Alix (2018), Positive branding and soft power: The promotion of Sufism in the war on terror, Brooking, December 13, 2018; https://www.brookings.edu/articles/positive-branding-and-soft-power-the-promotion-of-sufism-in-the-war-on-terror/]
Rahman, Fazlur (1979). Major Themes of the Qur’an, Chicago: Bibliotheca Islamica].
Rahman, S.A., (2022), Prophet Muhammad’s Attributes As Rahmatan lil Alamin, Islamicity, Oct. 3, 2022; https://www.islamicity.org/65378/prophet-muhammads-attributes-as-rahmatan-lil-alamin/
Saeedimehr, Mohammad (2020), Islamic Mysticism and Interreligious Dialogue, Poligrafi, 25(99/100):57-78; http://ojs.zrs-kp.si/index.php/poligrafi/article/view/237/328]
Schwartz, Stephen (2008), The Other Islam: Sufism and the Road to Global Harmony, New York: Doubleday.
Schuon, Frithjof (2002), Roots of the Human Condition, “Outline of the Islamic Message” (Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, p. 81
Schuon, Frithjof (2007), Spiritual Perspectives and Human Facts, “Contours of the Spirit” Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom.
Shah-Kazemi, Reza (2002), Sufi Perspectives on the Universality of the Qur'anic Message, in J. Cutsinger (ed.), Paths to the Heart: Sufism and the Christian East, (Bloomington: World Wisdom
Siddiqui, Sameena Hasan (2018), Wahdat ul-Wujūd, in Zayn R. Kassam, Yudit Kornberg Greenberg, Jehan Bagli, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3]
Souad al-Hakim, “The Sufis’ Soft Power”, Oasis [online], published on 1st July 2017, URL: https://www.oasiscenter.eu/en/sufi-soft-power.
Thomass, B. (2020). Universalism in history, modern statehood, and public service media. In P. Savage, M. Medina, & G.F. Lowe (Eds.), Universalism in public service media (pp. 25–36). Gothenburg: Nordicom, University of Gothenburg.
Yiangou, Nikos (2014), Ibn Arabi on Heart – Mind, Journal of ‘Kanz Philosophia’ for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism, https://seekingthedivinecountenance.wordpress.com/2014/12/01/ibn-arabi-on-heart-mind/
Weidner, Stefan (2016), Lifting the lid, Qantara.de, 01.09.; https://qantara.de/en/article/sufism-lifting-lid
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2025-06-25
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Desmita, D., Hidayat, R., Yuliani, T., Kasmuri, K., Ahmad, M. A., Deswita, D., & Lani, O. P. (2025). The Role of Intelligence of the Heart in the Idea of Islamic Universalism According to Sufi Psychology. El -Hekam, 10(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.31958/jeh.v10i1.14190
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