Makna Nilai Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Minangkabau di Salimpaung

Abstract

The values of Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK) represent the philosophical foundation of Minangkabau society, integrating customary law and Islamic teachings in everyday life. This study aimed to describe the understanding of the people of Nagari Salimpaung regarding ABS-SBK values, their implementation in social life, and efforts to preserve them amid social change. The research employed a qualitative approach using an ethnographic method. The informants consisted of niniak mamak (traditional leaders), Islamic scholars, and bundo kanduang (female traditional leaders), selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and triangulation. The findings reveal that the people of Nagari Salimpaung still understand ABS-SBK as the principle that customary practices must be based on Islamic law, as reflected in the philosophy syarak mangato, adat mamakai (religion prescribes, custom applies). These values continue to be implemented through religious activities, mutual cooperation, family deliberation, conflict resolution through the Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN), and the moral development of younger generations. The sustainability of these values is supported by the roles of niniak mamak, Islamic scholars, and bundo kanduang through the concept of Tungku Tigo Sajarangan and Tali Tigo Sapilin. However, the transmission of ABS-SBK values faces challenges from globalization, technological advancement, the declining use of the Minangkabau language, and reduced youth participation in customary and religious activities. The study concludes that ABS-SBK remains a significant cultural identity of the Salimpaung community and has the potential to be integrated into guidance and counseling services based on local wisdom.