The Effect of Numbered Heads Together Cooperative Learning on the Collaborative Skills of Early Grade Students in Learning Multiplication
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v4i2.15540Keywords:
, Numbered Heads Together, Collaborative Skills, Basic Multiplication, Early Grade StudentsAbstract
Collaborative skills are essential for early grade students as part of 21st-century competencies, yet they are often overlooked in traditional mathematics classrooms. This study aims to examine the effect of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) cooperative learning model on the collaborative abilities of early grade students in learning basic multiplication. The research was driven by the low level of student engagement observed during conventional group work. A quantitative approach was used, employing a quasi-experimental design with a posttest-only control group. The participants consisted of 30 second-grade students at MIS Istiqomah, divided equally into experimental and control groups. The intervention was conducted over several sessions using structured NHT activities to enhance peer interaction and shared problem-solving. Data were gathered through a student-completed collaborative skills questionnaire and teacher observation sheets. Results indicated that the experimental group scored an average of 72.53 on collaboration measures, while the control group scored 39.07. An independent t-test revealed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), confirming a statistically significant difference. The findings demonstrate that the NHT model is effective in improving young learnersÔÇÖ collaboration during mathematics learning. Therefore, it can be recommended as a viable strategy to cultivate teamwork skills from an early stage of schooling.
References
Amri, A. H. (2020). Efektivitas Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heds Together (NHT) Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa. ELIPS: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(1), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.47650/elips.v1i1.123
Antika, D., Yusnaldi, E., Khairunnisa, K., Sakinah, N., Azhari, W., & Deliyanti, Y. (2024). Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dalam Menumbuhkan Keaktifan Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran IPS. El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(3), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v4i3.1150
Anyelir, E., Pratama, E., Putri, A., Adrias, A., & Safitri, S. (2025). Analisis Penggunaan Metode Jarimatika untuk Meningkatkan Perkalian di Sekolah Dasar. Realisasi : Ilmu Pendidikan, Seni Rupa Dan Desain, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.62383/realisasi.v2i2.601
Astasari, F. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) untuk Meningkatkan Aktifitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa pada Materi Matriks di Kelas XI MIA 5 SMA Negeri 3 Sumbawa Besar Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Jurnal Kependidikan, 6(2), 88–96.
Aulia, H., Nurhalimah, A., Mandailina, V., Mahsup, Syaharuddin, Abdillah, & Zaenudin. (2023). Efektifitas Metode Pembelajaran Kolaboratif dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Seminar Nasional Paedagoria, 3, 1–7.
Barmby, P., Bolden, D., & Thompson, L. (2025). Understanding and Enriching Problem Solving in Primary Mathematics. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781041057727
Diah, R., & Siregar, N. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament) Modifikasi Metode Gasing Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 1033–1042. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v4i2.386
Efendi, N., & Maharani, R. (2023). Lembar Validasi Instrumen Observasi Kolaborasi & Instrumen Wawancara.
Fadillah, S. (2018). Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif (Cooperatif Learning) dan Kecerdasan Intrapersonal terhadap Perilaku Prososial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Kelurahan Umban Sari Pekanbaru. PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(01), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.31849/paudlectura.v2i01.2008
Fauziah, A. N., & Sudibyo, E. (2023). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together Pada Materi Getaran dan Gelombang Untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Kolaborasi Siswa. Pensa E-Jurnal: Pendidikan Sains, 11(2), 161–167.
Fitri, D., & Nuh, M. (2025). Mathematical Creative Thinking Process Of Mts Islamic Boarding School Darul Ihsan Students In Solving Social Arithmetic Problems. Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 210–228.
Hafza, A., & Wandini, R. R. (2023). Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Dalam Meningkatkan Proses Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas II di MIS Al Hafza Islamic Global School. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(3), 29958–29962.
Haq, R. M., Apriani, I. F., & Indonesia, U. P. (2025). Analisis media pembelajaran papintung pada materi operasi hitung perkalian siswa kelas II sekolah dasar. Journal of Elementary Education, 08(02), 292–296.
Hasibuan, F. H. (2024). Pengaruh Metode Role Playing Dalam Meningkatkan Keefektifan Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Tematik. Jurnal PenKoMi: Kajian Pendidikan & Ekonomi, 7(1), 1–17.
Imara, F. U., Fitri, R., Matheos Lasarus Malaikosa, Y., Kristanto, A., Dewi, U., & Jannah, M. (2025). The Impact of Project-Based Farming Gardening on Collaboration and Critical Thinking Skills in 5-6 Year Old Children. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 5(1), 199. https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v5i1.15071
Jardinez, M. J., & Natividad, L. R. (2024). The The Advantages and Challenges of Inclusive Education:Striving for Equity in the Classroom. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 12(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v12i2.7182
Khodarasih, D., Sari, M., & Pérez, C. (2025). Development of the Magic Cube Numbers Educational Tool to Enhance Symbolic Thinking Skills in Children Aged 4 - 5 Years. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/00.00000/jecet.0000.000-00
Laela, I. N., Nurlatifah, M., Atika, N. Z., W, R. S. E., & Septiana, U. (2024). Penerapan Model Collaborative Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Critical Thinking Skill Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa Dan Budaya, 3(1), 94–105. https://doi.org/10.55606/jpbb.v3i1.2710
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., & Xiao, N. (2025). Early predictors of mathematics learning difficulty in rural Chinese children. Learning and Individual Differences, 118, 102630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102630
Mardiana, S., & Suharyanto, S. (2024). Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together (NHT) pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Sekolah Dasar. Ainara Journal (Jurnal Penelitian Dan PKM Bidang Ilmu Pendidikan), 5(2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.54371/ainj.v5i2.451
Masykuroh, K., & Kurnia, R. (2025). Enhancing Love of Homeland in Early Childhood: A P5 Batik Nusantara Case Study. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 4(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v4i1.15026
Natali Amelia, Adinda Septia Syafani, Nabilla Syadena, & Dihan Meilanriska Syaputri. (2025). Pengembangan Media Madu pada Materi Perkalian Kelas II Sekolah Dasar. BLAZE : Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Dalam Pendidikan Linguistik Dan Pengembangan, 3(2), 95–116. https://doi.org/10.59841/blaze.v3i2.2704
Pendy, A., & Mbagho, H. M. (2021). Model Pembelajaran Number Head Together (NHT) Pada Materi Relasi dan Fungsi. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(1), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i1.542
Purwati, N. K. R., & Putri, N. K. G. S. (2024). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Statistika. Jurnal Edukasi Matematika Dan Sains, 13(1), 1–12.
Puspitasari, F., Astutik, S., & Sudarti. (2018). Efektifitas Model Collaborative Creativity Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Fisika, 3(1), 116–120.
Putri, K. E. S., Wahyuni, M. R., Hasibuan, W. F., & Mustika, D. (2024). Building Collaboration and Partnership in Supporting the Success of Inclusive Education. Warehouse Journal Multidisciplinary Science, 2(6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.510
Putri, S. A., & Suriansyah, A. (2021). Mengembangkan Kognitif Anak Melalui Model Take and Give, Model Savi, Dan Metode Drill Pada Anak Usia Dini. E-CHIEF Journal, 1(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.20527/e-chief.v1i1.3216
Rahma, A., & Haviz, M. (2022). Implementation of Cooperative Learning Model with Make A Match Type on Students Learning Outcomes in Elementary School. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 2(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v2i2.5593
Revina, S. (2017). Influence of Culture on the Adaptation of Realistic Mathematics Education in Indonesia By Shintia Revina A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong June 2017 (Issue June) [University of Hong Kong]. https://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/en/impome/PhD/PhDthesis_ShintiaRevina.pdf
Royani, I., Putri, H., Aufa, Amalia, & Angeli, R. A. (2023). Implementasi Model NHT (Number Head Together) di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 5(1), 3370–3376.
Sari, V. D., Rakhmawati, F., & Lubis, N. A. (2024). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Pada Materi Ajar Teorema Pythagoras Berbasis Geogebra. Relevan: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 4(6).
Siregar, K., Nur, L., Dayanti, N., Rahmawati, S., Parapat, S. H., Nuri, A., Syahputra, A., Jl, A., Iskandar, W., Estate, M., Percut, K., Tuan, S., Serdang, K. D., & Utara, S. (2024). Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Pada Siswa MI/SD. Bhinneka: Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan Dan Bahasa, 2(1), 139–148.
Sofiyah, K., Namira, I., Nasution, A. M., & Yuli. (2024). Pentingnya Pembelajaran Perkalian dan Pembagian Di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Terpadu, 8(12), 52–58.
Suarti, N., Hikmah Kartini, N., & Supriyadi, A. (2022). Analysis of Students Difficulty in Multiplication Material in class IV SDN Beringin Tunggal Jaya. Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.33084/pedagogik.v17i2.4081
Sulistyowaty, R. K., Kesumah, Y. S., & Priatna, B. A. (2019). Peningkatan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Melalui Pembelajaran Collaborative Problem Solving. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 13(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.13.2.6829.153-162
Supiah, & Lubis, R. S. (2016). Perbedaan Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Students Teams Achievement Division (Stad) Dan Tipe Make A Match Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Di Kelas X Madharasah Aliyah Ex Pga Univa Medan Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. AXIOM: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Matematika, 5(2), 173–189.
Usman, D. A., Rahman, A., & Nurhaedah. (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Numbered Heads Together Untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berkolaborasi Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Enrekang. Pinisi Journal of Education, 4(3), 161–175.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind and Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. In Harvard University Press.
Warmansyah, J., Komalasari, E., Fitriani, W., Ismandela, A., Nabila, D. F., Sari, D. P., & Rupinis, R. (2024). International Community Service: Empowering Early Childhood Through Board Games To Enhance Self-Care Skills at The Indonesian School Of Kuala Lumpur (SIKL), Malaysia. Kreasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(2), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.51529/kjpm.v4i2.729
Warmansyah, J., Yuningsih, R., Selva Nirwana, E., Ravidah, Putri, R., Amalina, & Masril. (2023). The Effect of Mathematics Learning Approaches and Self-Regulation to Recognize the Concept of Early Numbers Ability. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 17(1), 54–81. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.171.05
Wijaya, C., Suhardi, S., & Amiruddin, A. (2023). Manajemen Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru. UMSU Press.
Wulandani, C., Afina Putri, M., Indah Pratiwi, R., & Sulong, K. (2022). Implementing Project-Based Steam Instructional Approach in Early Childhood Education in 5.0 Industrial Revolution Era. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 1(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v1i1.5819
Zativalen, O., Hasanah, M., & Sulthon. (2016). Pengaruh Metode Numbered Head Together (NHT) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pengetahuan Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas V SDN Dinoyo 2 Kota Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan : Teori, Penelitian Dan Pengembangan, 1(2000), 855–860.
Zuliana, E., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., Wijaya, A., & Hukom, J. (2025). The effect of culture-based mathematics learning instruction on mathematical skills: a meta-analytic study. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21172
Antika, D., Yusnaldi, E., Khairunnisa, K., Sakinah, N., Azhari, W., & Deliyanti, Y. (2024). Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dalam Menumbuhkan Keaktifan Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran IPS. El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(3), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v4i3.1150
Anyelir, E., Pratama, E., Putri, A., Adrias, A., & Safitri, S. (2025). Analisis Penggunaan Metode Jarimatika untuk Meningkatkan Perkalian di Sekolah Dasar. Realisasi : Ilmu Pendidikan, Seni Rupa Dan Desain, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.62383/realisasi.v2i2.601
Astasari, F. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) untuk Meningkatkan Aktifitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa pada Materi Matriks di Kelas XI MIA 5 SMA Negeri 3 Sumbawa Besar Semester Ganjil Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Jurnal Kependidikan, 6(2), 88–96.
Aulia, H., Nurhalimah, A., Mandailina, V., Mahsup, Syaharuddin, Abdillah, & Zaenudin. (2023). Efektifitas Metode Pembelajaran Kolaboratif dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Seminar Nasional Paedagoria, 3, 1–7.
Barmby, P., Bolden, D., & Thompson, L. (2025). Understanding and Enriching Problem Solving in Primary Mathematics. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781041057727
Diah, R., & Siregar, N. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament) Modifikasi Metode Gasing Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 1033–1042. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v4i2.386
Efendi, N., & Maharani, R. (2023). Lembar Validasi Instrumen Observasi Kolaborasi & Instrumen Wawancara.
Fadillah, S. (2018). Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif (Cooperatif Learning) dan Kecerdasan Intrapersonal terhadap Perilaku Prososial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Kelurahan Umban Sari Pekanbaru. PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(01), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.31849/paudlectura.v2i01.2008
Fauziah, A. N., & Sudibyo, E. (2023). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together Pada Materi Getaran dan Gelombang Untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Kolaborasi Siswa. Pensa E-Jurnal: Pendidikan Sains, 11(2), 161–167.
Fitri, D., & Nuh, M. (2025). Mathematical Creative Thinking Process Of Mts Islamic Boarding School Darul Ihsan Students In Solving Social Arithmetic Problems. Prima: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 210–228.
Hafza, A., & Wandini, R. R. (2023). Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Dalam Meningkatkan Proses Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas II di MIS Al Hafza Islamic Global School. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(3), 29958–29962.
Haq, R. M., Apriani, I. F., & Indonesia, U. P. (2025). Analisis media pembelajaran papintung pada materi operasi hitung perkalian siswa kelas II sekolah dasar. Journal of Elementary Education, 08(02), 292–296.
Hasibuan, F. H. (2024). Pengaruh Metode Role Playing Dalam Meningkatkan Keefektifan Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Tematik. Jurnal PenKoMi: Kajian Pendidikan & Ekonomi, 7(1), 1–17.
Imara, F. U., Fitri, R., Matheos Lasarus Malaikosa, Y., Kristanto, A., Dewi, U., & Jannah, M. (2025). The Impact of Project-Based Farming Gardening on Collaboration and Critical Thinking Skills in 5-6 Year Old Children. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 5(1), 199. https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v5i1.15071
Jardinez, M. J., & Natividad, L. R. (2024). The The Advantages and Challenges of Inclusive Education:Striving for Equity in the Classroom. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 12(2), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v12i2.7182
Khodarasih, D., Sari, M., & Pérez, C. (2025). Development of the Magic Cube Numbers Educational Tool to Enhance Symbolic Thinking Skills in Children Aged 4 - 5 Years. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/00.00000/jecet.0000.000-00
Laela, I. N., Nurlatifah, M., Atika, N. Z., W, R. S. E., & Septiana, U. (2024). Penerapan Model Collaborative Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Critical Thinking Skill Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa Dan Budaya, 3(1), 94–105. https://doi.org/10.55606/jpbb.v3i1.2710
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., & Xiao, N. (2025). Early predictors of mathematics learning difficulty in rural Chinese children. Learning and Individual Differences, 118, 102630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102630
Mardiana, S., & Suharyanto, S. (2024). Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together (NHT) pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Sekolah Dasar. Ainara Journal (Jurnal Penelitian Dan PKM Bidang Ilmu Pendidikan), 5(2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.54371/ainj.v5i2.451
Masykuroh, K., & Kurnia, R. (2025). Enhancing Love of Homeland in Early Childhood: A P5 Batik Nusantara Case Study. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 4(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v4i1.15026
Natali Amelia, Adinda Septia Syafani, Nabilla Syadena, & Dihan Meilanriska Syaputri. (2025). Pengembangan Media Madu pada Materi Perkalian Kelas II Sekolah Dasar. BLAZE : Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Dalam Pendidikan Linguistik Dan Pengembangan, 3(2), 95–116. https://doi.org/10.59841/blaze.v3i2.2704
Pendy, A., & Mbagho, H. M. (2021). Model Pembelajaran Number Head Together (NHT) Pada Materi Relasi dan Fungsi. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(1), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i1.542
Purwati, N. K. R., & Putri, N. K. G. S. (2024). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Statistika. Jurnal Edukasi Matematika Dan Sains, 13(1), 1–12.
Puspitasari, F., Astutik, S., & Sudarti. (2018). Efektifitas Model Collaborative Creativity Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Fisika, 3(1), 116–120.
Putri, K. E. S., Wahyuni, M. R., Hasibuan, W. F., & Mustika, D. (2024). Building Collaboration and Partnership in Supporting the Success of Inclusive Education. Warehouse Journal Multidisciplinary Science, 2(6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.510
Putri, S. A., & Suriansyah, A. (2021). Mengembangkan Kognitif Anak Melalui Model Take and Give, Model Savi, Dan Metode Drill Pada Anak Usia Dini. E-CHIEF Journal, 1(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.20527/e-chief.v1i1.3216
Rahma, A., & Haviz, M. (2022). Implementation of Cooperative Learning Model with Make A Match Type on Students Learning Outcomes in Elementary School. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 2(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v2i2.5593
Revina, S. (2017). Influence of Culture on the Adaptation of Realistic Mathematics Education in Indonesia By Shintia Revina A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong June 2017 (Issue June) [University of Hong Kong]. https://www.fisme.science.uu.nl/en/impome/PhD/PhDthesis_ShintiaRevina.pdf
Royani, I., Putri, H., Aufa, Amalia, & Angeli, R. A. (2023). Implementasi Model NHT (Number Head Together) di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 5(1), 3370–3376.
Sari, V. D., Rakhmawati, F., & Lubis, N. A. (2024). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Pada Materi Ajar Teorema Pythagoras Berbasis Geogebra. Relevan: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 4(6).
Siregar, K., Nur, L., Dayanti, N., Rahmawati, S., Parapat, S. H., Nuri, A., Syahputra, A., Jl, A., Iskandar, W., Estate, M., Percut, K., Tuan, S., Serdang, K. D., & Utara, S. (2024). Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Pada Siswa MI/SD. Bhinneka: Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan Dan Bahasa, 2(1), 139–148.
Sofiyah, K., Namira, I., Nasution, A. M., & Yuli. (2024). Pentingnya Pembelajaran Perkalian dan Pembagian Di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Terpadu, 8(12), 52–58.
Suarti, N., Hikmah Kartini, N., & Supriyadi, A. (2022). Analysis of Students Difficulty in Multiplication Material in class IV SDN Beringin Tunggal Jaya. Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan, 17(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.33084/pedagogik.v17i2.4081
Sulistyowaty, R. K., Kesumah, Y. S., & Priatna, B. A. (2019). Peningkatan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Melalui Pembelajaran Collaborative Problem Solving. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 13(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.13.2.6829.153-162
Supiah, & Lubis, R. S. (2016). Perbedaan Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Students Teams Achievement Division (Stad) Dan Tipe Make A Match Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Di Kelas X Madharasah Aliyah Ex Pga Univa Medan Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. AXIOM: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Matematika, 5(2), 173–189.
Usman, D. A., Rahman, A., & Nurhaedah. (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Numbered Heads Together Untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berkolaborasi Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Enrekang. Pinisi Journal of Education, 4(3), 161–175.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind and Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. In Harvard University Press.
Warmansyah, J., Komalasari, E., Fitriani, W., Ismandela, A., Nabila, D. F., Sari, D. P., & Rupinis, R. (2024). International Community Service: Empowering Early Childhood Through Board Games To Enhance Self-Care Skills at The Indonesian School Of Kuala Lumpur (SIKL), Malaysia. Kreasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(2), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.51529/kjpm.v4i2.729
Warmansyah, J., Yuningsih, R., Selva Nirwana, E., Ravidah, Putri, R., Amalina, & Masril. (2023). The Effect of Mathematics Learning Approaches and Self-Regulation to Recognize the Concept of Early Numbers Ability. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 17(1), 54–81. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.171.05
Wijaya, C., Suhardi, S., & Amiruddin, A. (2023). Manajemen Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru. UMSU Press.
Wulandani, C., Afina Putri, M., Indah Pratiwi, R., & Sulong, K. (2022). Implementing Project-Based Steam Instructional Approach in Early Childhood Education in 5.0 Industrial Revolution Era. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 1(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v1i1.5819
Zativalen, O., Hasanah, M., & Sulthon. (2016). Pengaruh Metode Numbered Head Together (NHT) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pengetahuan Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas V SDN Dinoyo 2 Kota Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan : Teori, Penelitian Dan Pengembangan, 1(2000), 855–860.
Zuliana, E., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., Wijaya, A., & Hukom, J. (2025). The effect of culture-based mathematics learning instruction on mathematical skills: a meta-analytic study. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21172
Downloads
Published
2025-07-15
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Halwa Tamara, Nurdiana Siregar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a?áCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License?á(CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
