Identification of Parenting Styles in Instilling Religious and Moral Values in Children Aged 5–6 Years in Group B at Raudhatul Athfal

Abstract

This study aims to describe parental parenting styles and their relationship with the development of religious and moral values in children aged 5–6 years in a Raudhatul Athfal Group B setting. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed with 15 children and their parents as respondents. Data were collected through observation, parenting style questionnaires, and documentation. The independent variable was parental parenting style (authoritarian, democratic, permissive), while the dependent variable was the development of religious and moral values measured across three indicators: politeness, habituation of worship practices, and accuracy in imitating prayer movements. The findings show two dominant parenting styles democratic (60%) and authoritarian (40%). Increases in developmental categories were observed across the three indicators between the first and second observations, with the most notable improvements occurring among children raised with democratic parenting (e.g., 67% achieving the “Very Well Developed” category for politeness; 56% for worship habituation; and 56% for prayer movement accuracy). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between parenting style and the development of religious moral values (r = –0.636; p = 0.011), indicating that more democratic parenting is associated with better outcomes compared to authoritarian parenting. The study concludes that democratic parenting characterized by balanced rules, modeling, and open communication more effectively supports the development of politeness, worship routines, and accurate prayer movements in early childhood.