Ethical Violations Of Constitutional Judges: Study Of The Decision Of The Honour Panel Of The Constitutional Court (MKMK) Number : 2/MKMK/L/11/2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v5i3.13750Keywords:
Ethical Violation, Constitutional Judges and Constitutional CourtAbstract
This study examines the urgency of a code of ethics for Constitutional Court judges, the dichotomy of ethical considerations in the Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court's (MKMK) Decision Number: 2/MKMK/L/11/2023, and the considerations underlying this decision. Using a normative juridical approach through literature review, the research explores ethical violations by Constitutional Court judges based on sources such as books, journals, and online materials. The findings reveal that the code of ethics plays a crucial role in maintaining judges' independence, integrity, and professionalism. The MKMK decision separates ethical and legal aspects, emphasizing that ethical violations should not be equated with legal violations. In the case of Anwar Usman, a serious ethical breach led to his removal as Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court, although he was not dishonorably discharged as a judge. MKMK's considerations included legal facts, philosophical principles, and social impacts. This decision avoids legal uncertainty by imposing sanctions tailored to ethical, not legal, violations.References
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Ciulla, J. B. (2020). Ethics and Effectiveness: The Nature of Good Leadership (pp. 3–32). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38463-0_1
Handoyo, B. H. (2018). Kewenangan Komisi Yudisial dalam Perspektif Politik Hukum Peradilan, Etika dan Moral. Al-Ijtimai: International Journal of Government and Social Science, 3(2), 159–180.
Harahap, R. A., & Tarigan, T. M. (2024). Exemption from the position of Head of the Health Office by the Regent of Deli Serdang (Study of the Decision of the State Administrative Court Number 38/G/2023/PTUN. MDN Siyasah Qadhaiyyah Perspective). Journal Equity of Law and Governance, 6(1), 74–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55637/elg.6.1.10609.74-88
Hidayat, T. (2024). Implikasi Dissenting Opinion Terhadap Hasil Perkara Sengketa Pemilu Dalam Pemilihan Presiden Tahun 2024 Menurut Prespektif Fiqh Siyasah (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi). Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/82508
Isra, S., & Faiz, P. M. (2024). The Indonesian Constitutional Court: An Overview. In Courts and Diversity (pp. 55–94). Brill | Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004691698_004
Lailam, T. (2020). Membangun Constitutional Morality Hakim Konstitusi di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 20(4), 511. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2020.V20.511-530
Larasati, H., Aeni, I. N., Febrianti, S. S., & Safitri, T. (2024). Code of Ethics Violations Due to Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Towards the Dynamics of the 2024 Election in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum In Concreto, 3(2), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.35960/inconcreto.v3i2.1484
McIntyre, J. (2019). Structural Threats to Impartiality. In The Judicial Function (pp. 197–223). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9115-7_12
Nemeth, C. P. (2022). Criminal Law. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003284178
Ojumu, C., Emeje, A., & Nwajah, P. O. (2022). Jurisprudential Examination of the Constituent Kernels of Fair Hearing. ABUAD Law Journal, 10(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.53982/alj.2022.1001.01-j
Pirdaus, D. I., Sidiq, F., & Rusyn, V. (2024). Violation of the Code of Ethics for Constitutional Judges in the Constitutional Court’s Decision on Requirements for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates. International Journal of Humanities, Law, and Politics, 2(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijhlp.v2i1.84
Sari, N. P. P., & Maghfira, S. (2021). Tinjauan Hukum Tata Negara Islam terhadap Peran Pemerintah dalam Menjaga Ketenteraman dan Ketertiban Umum. JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah, 2(1), 11–21.
Sari, W. G., & Zainuddin, Z. (2021). Konsep Otonomi Daerah dalam Hukum Tata Negara Islam. JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah, 2(2), 177–186.
Selfia, Gilalo, J. J., & Suprijatna, D. (2024). Penerapan Sanksi Pelanggaran Kode Etik Profesi Hakim oleh Majelis Kehormatan Hakim di Indonesia. Karimah Tauhid, 3(4), 4960–4975. https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i4.13018
Selfianus Laritmas, S. H., & Ahmad Rosidi, S. H. (2024). Teori-Teori Negara Hukum. Prenada Media.
Shetreet, S., & McCormack, W. (2016). Appendix II: Global Code of Judicial Ethics. In The Culture of Judicial Independence in a Globalised World (pp. 414–438). Brill | Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004307087_031
Suka, J. B. P., Bawono, B. T., & Laksana, A. W. (2022). The Implementation of Code of Conduct for Members of Police as Accurators of Murder. Law Development Journal, 4(2), 197–204.
Sundari, E., & Retnowati, A. (2021). The Weakness of the Control System for Fighting Corruption in the Judicial Process: The case of Indonesia. International Journal of Social, Policy and Law, 2(1), 93–102.
Sutrisno, N., Heryansyah, D., Hadi, S., & M. Cason, C. (2022). The Regulation of Defendant’s Religious Identity in Court Decisions. BESTUUR, 10(2), 85. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v10i2.61409
Swain, J. M., & Spire, Z. D. (2020). The Role of Informal Conversations in Generating Data, and the Ethical and Methodological Issues. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 21(1 SE-FQS Debate: Qualitative Research and Ethics). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-21.1.3344
Timasheff, N. S. (2017). An Introduction to the Sociology of Law. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315082363
Wibisana, A. W. (2023). Developing the integrity of corruption crime judges: evidence in Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 12(9), 460–476. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i9.3060
Widayati, W., Winanto, W., Suwondo, D., Arpangi, A., & Hidayat, Y. T. N. (2023). Reconstruction of the Judicial Commission’s Authority in Promoting Judges with Integrity. Jurnal Hukum, 39(2), 270–294. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jh.v39i2.36612
Wulandari, F. A., Masykuroh, Y. W. R., & Furqon, A. F. (2024). Tinjauan Fiqh Siyasah terhadap Penolakan Judicial Review Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum Oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Politika Progresif: Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Humaniora, 1(3), 179–194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/progres.v1i3.520
Yasir, M., Widodo, J., & Ashar, A. (2022). Islamic Law and National Law (Comparative Study of Islamic Criminal Law and Indonesian Criminal Law). Al Hurriyah : Jurnal Hukum Islam, 6(2), 82. https://doi.org/10.30983/alhurriyah.v6i2.4952
Zainab, N. (2024). Delinquency of Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on Age Limit Requirements for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidature. Siber International Journal of Advanced Law (SIJAL), 2(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/sijal.v2i2.124
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