ADR Mechanisms and Shulhu Concept in Resolving Breach of Harvest Wage Contracts
Abstract
This study investigates the issue of delayed wage payments in the ijarah contracts for corn harvesting in Kampung Taruko, Nagari Malampah Barat, Pasaman Regency. Employing field research and in-depth unstructured interviews with landowners, harvesters, mamak rumah mediators, village heads, and Islamic scholars, the research identifies that delayed payments mainly occur because harvest proceeds are utilized to repay debts to corn traders (toke) and cover daily expenses such as food and education. This practice violates the essential principle of ijarah contracts, which mandates immediate payment upon the completion of work. Such delays constitute breach of promise (wanprestasi) and conflict with Islamic economic principles of justice and trust (amanah) found in fiqh muamalah. These delays have tangible negative consequences, including disputes between landowners and harvesters, erosion of worker motivation and trust, disruptions in the harvesting process, and economic hardship for harvesters who depend primarily on timely wages. From an Islamic legal perspective, withholding rightful wages is considered zalim (oppressive). Dispute resolution is effectively handled through family deliberations mediated by the mamak rumah, reflecting Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in positive law and the Islamic concept of shulh (amicable settlement). This method preserves social harmony, justice, and community relations without resorting to formal legal proceedings.
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