Grant Disputes Under Hand Reviewed From Sharia Economic Law (Case Studies at The MTI SA Foundation and The GM Waqf Foundation)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31958/jtm.v12i1.17362Keywords:
Contract, Sharia Economic Law, Dispute ResolutionAbstract
This study examines a land grant (hibah) dispute between the MTI SA Foundation and the GM Waqf Foundation in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The dispute arose from the existence of two separate grant documents concerning the same parcel of land, resulting in overlapping claims of ownership and management rights over educational facilities established on the property. This research aims to analyze the legal status of undocumented land grants, identify the factors contributing to the dispute, and evaluate the dispute resolution mechanism from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law. The study employs an empirical juridical approach through field research, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentary analysis. Data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and legal analysis based on Islamic legal principles and Indonesian positive law. The findings reveal that the dispute was primarily caused by administrative deficiencies in the grant process, the absence of formal land registration, ambiguities concerning the legal status of the transferred property, and conflicting interpretations regarding conditional grants. From the perspective of Islamic Economic Law, the validity of a grant transaction requires the fulfillment of legal pillars and conditions, including certainty of ownership transfer, legal capacity of the parties, and clarity of the object granted. The mediation and tahkim processes facilitated by the Ministry of Religious Affairs constituted an important initial effort toward reconciliation; however, they have not yet provided definitive legal certainty for the parties involved. Consequently, formal judicial mechanisms remain necessary to establish legal certainty, protect property rights, and ensure the continuity of educational activities in accordance with the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah), particularly the protection of property (ḥifẓ al-māl)
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