Developing Big Puzzle Learning Media to Enhance Cooperation Skills in Early Childhood

Authors

  • Umaemah Marsuki AR Universitas Negeri Makassar
  • Kartini Marzuki Universitas Negeri Makassar
  • Azizah Amal Universiats Negeri Makassar
  • Muhammad Akil Musi Universitas Negeri Makassar
  • Herlina Herlina Universitas Negeri Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v5i1.16822

Keywords:

Big Puzzle Learning Media, Cooperation Skills, Early Childhood, Learning Media

Abstract

The development of social–emotional competencies, particularly cooperation skills, is a crucial aspect of early childhood education as it supports children’s ability to interact effectively, share responsibilities, and engage in group activities. However, limited use of innovative and engaging learning media often hinders the optimal development of these skills. This study aims to develop Big Puzzle learning media and examine its effectiveness, validity, and practicality in improving the cooperation skills of children aged 5–6 years. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The findings reveal that the design process of the Big Puzzle learning media includes the development of both the puzzle product and a supporting guidebook. The effectiveness of the media was categorized as very effective, with a score of 3.4. Furthermore, the level of development in enhancing children’s cooperation skills obtained a score of 3.5, indicating an improvement category. In terms of product quality, the Big Puzzle learning media achieved a very valid classification based on expert validation results. Additionally, the practicality level reached a score of 3.4, which falls into the practical and highly practical category for classroom use. These results indicate that the developed Big Puzzle learning media is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing the cooperation skills of children aged 5–6 years. Therefore, this media can be utilized as an alternative learning tool to support the development of social interaction and collaborative abilities in early childhood education.

References

Aini, N., & Dwi Cahyo, E. (2024). Pop-Up Book Media Development to Improve Early Childhood Language Skills. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 4(2), 370–387. https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v4i2.13504

Aliyudin, A., & Alvionita, Y. (2025). The Impact of Educational Puzzle Games on the Cognitive Development of Children. Al Tahdzib: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.54150/altahdzib.v4i1.213

Alotaibi, M. S. (2023). Factors Influencing Early Childhood Educators’ Use of Digital Educational Aids: A Sequential Explanatory Study. Sage Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231217727

Amalina, A., Samat, N. A., & Warmansyah, J. (2025). Dynamics of Smartphone Addiction Among Young Children in Padang, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 4(1), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v4i1.16106

Anastasya, A., Hasis, P. K., & Bulu’, R. M. (2025). Development of Snakes and Ladders Learning Media for Introducing Sex Education to Children Aged 5-6 Years. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 5(1), 158–171. https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v5i1.15070

Andika, W. D., Nurani, D. C., Suryani, Y. D., Sumarni, S., Septiani, Y. Y., Astika, R. T., Salsabila, P., & Cahya, R. (2025). The Power of Music and Movement in Educational Videos on Stunting. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 13(1), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v13i1.87219

Andina, R., Wita, A., & Razman, R. (2025a). The Effect of The Leaf Diary Game on Increasing The Classification Ability of Children Aged 5-6 Years. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(2), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.64840/jecet.v1i2.39

Andina, R., Wita, A., & Razman, R. (2025b). The Effect of The Leaf Diary Game on Increasing The Classification Ability of Children Aged 5 - 6 Years. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(2), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.64840/jecet.v1i2.39

Aranda, G., Campbell, C., Ferguson, J., & Speldewinde, C. (2022). Introducing Digital Technologies into Play-Based Learning in Early Childhood (pp. 525–551). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0568-1_22

Azzahra, A. derbya, Nihwan, N., & Kadir Naffati, A. (2023). The Role of Parents in Supporting the Development of Early Childhood Potential: A Qualitative Exploration. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 2(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v2i1.9361

Chau, C. A., Cyr, S. L., Gupta, R., & Lio, P. (2026). Atopic Comorbidities and Topical Steroids in Early Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: Are We Missing a Piece of the Puzzle? Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 69(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-025-09131-5

Daroglou, G., Ourda, D., Akoni, Z., Koidou, E., Mouratidou, A., & Barkoukis, V. (2026). Linking Cooperative Learning to Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors in Adolescents: The Role of Affective Experiences. Adolescents, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents6010008

Ellis, G., Skrocki, A., Goebel, D., Janes, K., Locke, D., Catalan, E., & Zanolini, W. (2024). Youth development travel programs: Facilitating engagement, deep experience, and “sparks” through self-relevance and stories. Journal of Leisure Research, 55(5), 621–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2023.2295856

Elsayed, W. (2024). Building a better society: The Vital role of Family’s social values in creating a culture of giving in young Children’s minds. Heliyon, 10(7), e29208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29208

Farida, N., Siregar, S., & Tamba, S. (2022). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kerjasama melalui Permainan Menyusun Puzzle pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Kenanga Raya. Mitra Ash-Shibyan: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 5(02), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.46963/mash.v5i02.486

Ferguson-Patrick, K. (2026). ‘No Hogs or Logs’—Students’ and Teachers’ Experiences in Collaborative Problem Solving in the Primary Math’s Classroom. In Teaching and Learning 21st-Century Skills (pp. 239–259). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-5997-8_14

Ganatsios, H. P., Filippou, A. F., Mpekiri, S., & Danahy, K. E. (2021). Education for cultivation of awareness as an important factor of raising environmental consciousness. International Journal of Higher Education and Sustainability, 3(3), 231. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhes.2021.117900

Garaigordobil, M., Berrueco, L., & Celume, M.-P. (2022). Developing Children’s Creativity and Social-Emotional Competencies through Play: Summary of Twenty Years of Findings of the Evidence-Based Interventions “Game Program.” Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040077

Gülseven, Z., Yu, M. V. B., Zarrett, N., Vandell, D. L., & Simpkins, S. D. (2023). Self-control and cooperation in childhood as antecedents of less moral disengagement in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 35(1), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000584

Hasan, H. (2020). Pengaruh Media Puzzle Terhadap Kemampuan Logika Matematika Anak Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal Iii Cabang Karunrung Kota Makassar. Klasikal : Journal of Education, Language Teaching and Science, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.52208/klasikal.v2i1.46

Haniya, H., Malaikosa, Y. M. L., Patria Saroinsong, W., Kristanto, A., Fitri, R., & Dewi, U. (2025). Development of the GIMALONG Interactive Video to Promote Prosocial Behavior and Digital Literacy in Early Childhood. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 4(1), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v4i1.15291

Harjanty, R., & Muzdalifah, F. (2022). Implementation of STEAM project-based learning in developing early childhood cooperation. Aṭfālunā Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 5(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.32505/atfaluna.v5i1.4093

Hikmah, H., Wongsonadi, S. K., Hartati, S., & Jahja, Y. (2024). Enhancing Early Childhood Social-Emotional Skills through Innovative Interactive Learning Media. Asian Journal of Social and Humanities, 3(3), 526–544. https://doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v3i3.460

Ilyas, S. N., Amal, A., Asti, A. S. W., & Hajerah, H. (2021). Pengembangan media busy book pada guru PAUD di Kecamatan Pattalassang Kabupaten Takalar. INOVASI: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1), 11-16.

Inkasari, R. F., Kharismawati, I., & Priatiningsih, S. (2024). Development of “Smart Egg Puzzle” as An Innovative Learning Media in Introducing Numbers to Early Childhood. Jurnal Paedagogy, 11(1), 132. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v11i1.9573

Justice, L. M., Jiang, H., Khan, K. S., & Dynia, J. M. (2017). Kindergarten readiness profiles of rural, Appalachian children from low-income households. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 50, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2017.02.004

Khatijah, Y., Windarti, W., & Iswatiningsih, D. (2025). Building Early Childhood Social Skills Through Learning Empathy Cooperation and Responsibility. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Nusantara, 10(2), 372–382. https://doi.org/10.29407/jpdn.v10i2.24435

Lane, N., & Xavier, J. C. (2024). To unravel the origin of life, treat findings as pieces of a bigger puzzle. Nature, 626(8001), 948–951. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00544-4

Lin, Y., Liao, H., Weng, S., & Dong, W. (2024). Comparing the effects of plugged-in and unplugged activities on computational thinking development in young children. Education and Information Technologies, 29(8), 9541–9574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12181-x

Locke, M. A., Guzman, V., Hallaran, A. E., Arciniegas, M., Friedman, T. E., & Brito, A. (2022). Counternarratives as DisCrit Praxis: Disrupting Classroom Master Narratives Through Imagined Composite Stories. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, 124(7), 150–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/01614681221111433

Mubaroroh, A., Hidayah, N., & Pramono, P. (2023). The Effect of Emotion Change Puzzle Media on Visual-Spatial Intelligence for Early Childhood Education. Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini, 7(4), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.14421/jga.2022.74-01

Mulyana, A., & Nurcahyani, N. (2022). The Effect of the Puzzle Playing Method on Improving the Cognitive Development of Children Aged 4-6 Years. KnE Life Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i2.10354

Ndlovu, B., Okeke, C., Nhase, Z., Ugwuanyi, C., Okeke, C., & Ede, M. (2023). Impact of play-based learning on the development of children in mobile early childhood care and education centres. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 12(3), 432–440. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i3.2358

Novia Maulana, A., Selva Nirwana, E., Warmansyah, J., & Rahma Hannia, N. (2025). IT-Based YouTube Integration for Early Childhood English Vocabulary Learning: Teacher Perspectives. Ta’dib, 28(2), 475–488. https://doi.org/10.31958/jt.v28i2.16161

Oldham, S. (2024). Embedding Owner-Manager Values in the Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Context: A Lockean Conceptualisation. Journal of Business Ethics, 194(3), 561–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-024-05620-3

Polat, Ö., Sezer, T., & Atiş Akyol, N. (2022). Collaborative Learning with Mind Mapping in the Development of Social Skills of Children. Participatory Educational Research, 9(1), 463–480. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.25.9.1

Puji, C., & Hakobyan, A. (2025). The Impact of Open-Ended Learning on 21st-Century Skill Acquisition in Early Learners. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.64840/jecet.v1i2.42

Pujoko, P., Astuti, D. H. F., & Nurkolis, N. (2025). The Implementation Of Child-Friendly School Policies In Elementary Schools. AJIS: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, 10(1), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.29240/ajis.v10i1.12977

Pyle, A., DeLuca, C., Wickstrom, H., Danniels, E., & Fesseha, E. (2023). Play-based learning and assessment practices in early years: methodological explorations. Educational Research, 65(2), 248–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2023.2181201

Rulismi, D. (2023). Use Of Interactive Learning Media To Improve Language Capabilities Early Children. Indonesian Journal of Basic Education, 5(3), 250. https://doi.org/10.37728/ijobe.v5i3.643

Rusady, P., Fitriani, W., & Raza, A. (2025). Development of Pop-Up Book Media for Introducing Sexual Education to Children Aged 5–6 Years. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.64840/jecet.v1i1.12

Saleha, L., Baharun, H., & Trimelia Utami, W. (2022). Implementation of Digital Literacy to Develop Social Emotional in Early Childhood. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v1i1.5834

Salum, R. N., Khadijah, K., & Liza Nasution, N. (2024). Optimization of Early Childhood Social Emotional Development Through Exercise Methods and Learning Videos. Journal of Islamic Education Students (JIES), 4(1), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.31958/jies.v4i1.12281

Sintia, M. D. (2020). Developing Big Puzzle Learning Media to Improve Children’s Collaboration Skills. Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.23887/jlls.v3i3.29409

Syaharra, S. I., Sari, M., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Development of Interactive Smart Poster Media for Sexual Education Introduction to Children Aged 5–6 Years. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.64840/jecet.v1i1.15

Syarfina, S., & Warmansyah, J. (2025). Online Training on Writing Scientific Articles in Early Childhood Education for Accredited Sinta Journals. Journal of Comunity Service in Early Childhood Education, 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.64840/jcosece.v1i1.34

Tjosvold, D. (1984). Cooperation Theory and Organizations. Human Relations, 37(9), 743–767. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678403700903

Virawanti, T., & Sugiarto. (2022). Development of Styrofoam Media as Puzzles to Develop Fine Motoric Children Aged 3-4. Journal of Childhood Development, 2(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.25217/jcd.v2i1.2318

Wang, C.-M., Lee, B.-T., & Lo, T.-Y. (2023). The Design of a Novel Digital Puzzle Gaming System for Young Children’s Learning by Interactive Multi-Sensing and Tangible User Interfacing Techniques. Sustainability, 15(4), 3036. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043036

Warmansyah, J., Sari, M., Siregar, R. Y. S., Wiliany, S., & Safna, A. (2023). Development of Fun Polly Games: A Practical Life–Based Learning Media to Enhance Young Children’s Independence. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 4(2), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.31958/ijecer.v4i2.15960

Wati Fajzrina, L. N., Winarti, Fatimah, & Andriani, D. (2024). Enhancing Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Early Childhood Through APE Puzzle Hopscotch: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini, 9(2), 315–328. https://doi.org/10.14421/jga.2024.92-12

Wita, A., & Villanueva, A. (2025). Father Involvement in Parenting and Its Powerful Link to Prosocial Behavior in Early Childhood. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.64840/jecet.v1i1.14

Wulandari, A., Kurniati, L., Hanifa, N., & Yuningsih, R. (2025). Enhancing the Success of Toilet Training for Children Aged 2-3 Years at the UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar Laboratory Daycare. Journal of Comunity Service in Early Childhood Education, 1(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.64840/jcosece.v1i1.32

Xin, C., Cheng, P., Zheng, Y., Shen, Y., & Liu, G. (2026). The Jigsaw Puzzle Performance of Preschoolers and Its Relationship with Inhibitory Control. Early Childhood Education Journal, 54(2), 631–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-025-01853-7

Yulia, N., Warmansyah, J., & Jiwon, L. (2025). The Impact of Google Sites–Based Interactive Media Integrating Sumbang Duo Baleh on the Development of Politeness in Early Childhood. Journal of Early Childhood Education and Teaching (JECET), 1(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.64840/jecet.v1i1.13

Downloads

Published

2026-05-25

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)